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Abscess incision and drainage

…and the abscess sits somewhere that makes incision in the emergency department the wrong move — in the hand, in the medial triangle of the face…

Leg ulcers — wound debridement and compression therapy

…and in patients with diabetes or renal failure the index may be falsely normal because of medial sclerosis — in that case add toe pressure measurement…

Soft tissue corticosteroid injection

Procedurer A corticosteroid injection into soft tissue gives rapid but time limited pain relief and rarely alters the natural history of the disease. In lateral…

Acute Aortic Syndromes: Intramural Haematoma and Penetrating Atherosclerotic Ulcer

…because of the risk of rupture. Type A IMH may cause: Aortic regurgitation Haemopericardium or pericardial effusion Aortic rupture Proximal aortic complications Malperfusion and pulse…

Peripheral Artery Disease: Diagnosis, Ankle–Brachial Index and Risk Management

…affect large and medium sized arteries. Pathological features include plaque formation with calcium deposition, medial thinning, destruction of muscular and elastic tissue, fragmentation of the…

Type 2 Diabetes and Cardiovascular Risk Management

…stiffness and accelerated medial calcification related to disturbed calcium–phosphate metabolism. Patients with advanced CKD are particularly vulnerable to structural cardiac abnormalities, HF and sudden…

Mitral valve stenosis

…P1 (anterior or medial scallop), P2 (middle scallop), and P3 (posterior or lateral scallop). Figure 1. Anatomy of the mitral valve The leaflets are connected…

Ankle-brachial index (ABI)

…each leg, the highest of the dorsalis pedis and posterior tibial pressures is divided by the highest arm pressure of the two arms. Each leg…

Joint aspiration

…the medial towards the lateral side with your free hand. The needle is inserted directed medially and slightly caudally, parallel to the posterior surface of…

Nail procedures — paronychia, ingrown toenail and subungual haematoma

…digital block Anaesthetise from the dorsal aspect, one injection medial and one lateral to the base of the phalanx, 2–3 mL on each side…

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