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Paracentesis

…about 3–5 cm superior and medial to the anterior superior iliac spine and lateral to the lateral border of the rectus abdominis — this avoids…

Abscess incision and drainage

…somewhere that makes incision in the emergency department the wrong move — in the hand, in the medial triangle of the face or perianally. Indications Fluctuant…

Leg ulcers — wound debridement and compression therapy

…with post thrombotic syndrome. Differential diagnosis Feature Venous ulcer Arterial ulcer Diabetic foot ulcer : : : : Site Gaiter area, above the medial malleolus Toes, heel, lateral malleolus…

Soft tissue corticosteroid injection

… the long term outcome is worse Medial epicondylitis At the flexor origin Avoid the ulnar nerve Carpal tunnel syndrome The carpal tunnel An acceptable bridge…

Acute Aortic Syndromes: Intramural Haematoma and Penetrating Atherosclerotic Ulcer

…Intramural haematoma IMH is haemorrhage within the aortic media without an identifiable communication between the aortic lumen and the haematoma and without a visible intimal…

Peripheral Artery Disease: Diagnosis, Ankle–Brachial Index and Risk Management

…vasculitis, fibromuscular dysplasia, arterial entrapment, cystic adventitial disease and trauma. Atherosclerotic PAD is a manifestation of systemic arterial disease rather than an isolated disorder of…

Type 2 Diabetes and Cardiovascular Risk Management

…In CKD, additional mechanisms include vascular stiffness and accelerated medial calcification related to disturbed calcium–phosphate metabolism. Patients with advanced CKD are particularly vulnerable to…

Mitral valve stenosis

…annular circumference. The posterior leaflet generally has two distinct indentations which divide it into three scallops, P1 (anterior or medial scallop), P2 (middle scallop), and…

Ankle-brachial index (ABI)

…hallucis longus tendon. Measure in the same way as on the arm. 4. Posterior tibial artery — behind the medial malleolus. Measure. 5. Repeat on the…

Joint aspiration

…highest accuracy for palpation guided aspiration. Press the fluid from the medial towards the lateral side with your free hand. The needle is inserted directed…

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