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Reduction of dislocations

…Posterior shoulder dislocation, which is often associated with fracture and requires an orthopaedic surgeon. Dislocation of a native hip (as opposed to a prosthesis) — a…

Eye examination and corneal foreign body

…foreign body under the upper eyelid. 7. Seidel's sign: apply fluorescein generously and look under blue light. A dark stream of aqueous humour breaking…

Casting and immobilisation

Procedurer A cast should hold the fracture still and do nothing else. The two ways in which casting harms the patient are that it is…

Assessment of Pacemaker Malfunction

…cases of malfunction are associated with the electronics in the pulse generator or dislodgement or fracture of the leads. External causes are less common and…

Stent Thrombosis: Timing, Causes, Diagnosis, and Prevention

…of acute myocardial infarction Procedural and mechanical Stent underexpansion, incomplete wall apposition, residual inflow or outflow disease, edge dissection, overlapping stents, crush technique, stent fracture…

Nasogastric tube

…stricture or a known diverticulum Relative Recent nasal or pharyngeal surgery Signs that should raise the suspicion of a base of skull fracture: periorbital bruising…

Oesophageal ECG

…Suspected base of skull fracture or marked coagulopathy argues against the nasal route; the oral route may then be considered. Preparation and equipment A 12…

Dix–Hallpike test and Epley manoeuvre

…A single central feature is enough to proceed with urgent investigation , and a normal CT of the brain does not exclude an infarction in the…

Advanced cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) - Advanced cardiovascular life support (ACLS)

…The effect of cricoid pressure and gastric insufflation remains uncertain ( Panchal et al ). Nasopharyngeal airways ("trumpets") should be inserted carefully. The risk of epistaxis (nosebleed…

NSTEMI: Risk Stratification and Timing of the Invasive Strategy

…description of the presenting symptoms of NSTEMI. It does identify several clinical manifestations that indicate particularly high risk and should influence the urgency of management…

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