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Peripheral venous cannula and intraosseous access

…arm with an arteriovenous fistula, previous axillary clearance or lymphoedema. A limb with paresis or marked swelling. A vein suspected of thrombosis or previously thrombophlebitic…

Ankle-brachial index (ABI)

…fibular artery can also be sought anterior to the lateral malleolus. Calculation: for each leg, the highest of the dorsalis pedis and posterior tibial pressures…

Upper gastrointestinal bleeding: quick reference

…Use a balanced crystalloid in the first instance. Give small boluses, for example 250 to 500 mL, with immediate reassessment of the blood pressure, pulse…

Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and Holter ECG

…lowered at each measurement, and not to talk. Otherwise ordinary activities, including work. No showering or bathing. A diary of going to bed, getting up…

Arterial line

…of the artery with two fingertips and note the direction. Disinfect and allow to air dry. 2. Anaesthetise the skin with a small amount of…

Injection technique — intramuscular, subcutaneous and intradermal

…if possible, otherwise give IM with a fine needle and 5 minutes of compression. Anticoagulant treatment is not in itself a bar to vaccination. Relative…

Abscess incision and drainage

…of fistula Surgeon, often operative management Breast Cosmesis, milk ducts, malignancy differential Surgeon or mammography Sole of the foot Deep compartments Orthopaedic surgeon Close to…

Coronary Anomalies and Myocardial Bridging

…Coronary fistulae represent abnormal communications between a coronary artery and a cardiac chamber or vessel. Other congenital anomalies include anomalous origin of a coronary artery…

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