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Ankle-brachial index (ABI)

…fibular artery can also be sought anterior to the lateral malleolus. Calculation: for each leg, the highest of the dorsalis pedis and posterior tibial pressures…

Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and Holter ECG

…than for medical reasons: the cuff is in the wrong place, the electrodes come off, the patient has not kept a diary. The set up…

Arterial line

…s phenomenon, thromboangiitis obliterans. An arm with an AV fistula or with planned vascular access for dialysis. Previous vascular surgery in the area. Coagulopathy and…

Injection technique — intramuscular, subcutaneous and intradermal

…on the same side. A paretic limb — poorer absorption. Injection into an arm with a dialysis fistula. Preparation and equipment Hand disinfection; gloves where there…

Peripheral venous cannula and intraosseous access

…fistula, previous axillary clearance or lymphoedema. A limb with paresis or marked swelling. A vein suspected of thrombosis or previously thrombophlebitic. Intraosseous access (absolute, for…

Upper gastrointestinal bleeding: quick reference

…a Dieulafoy lesion, angiodysplasia, malignancy and an aortoenteric fistula. Variceal bleeding generally has a higher early mortality than non variceal bleeding [1,2]. Upper gastrointestinal…

Abscess incision and drainage

…function Orthopaedic or hand surgeon, urgently Perianal and perirectal Often larger than it appears; risk of fistula Surgeon, often operative management Breast Cosmesis, milk ducts…

Coronary Anomalies and Myocardial Bridging

…termination of the coronary arteries. They include anomalous aortic origin of a coronary artery (AAOCA), coronary fistulae, and myocardial bridging. Although many are clinically silent…

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