…at a comfortable temperature — a cold foot gives falsely low pressures. No smoking or coffee in the preceding hour. Remove socks and any compression stockings…

…A paretic limb — poorer absorption. Injection into an arm with a dialysis fistula. Preparation and equipment Hand disinfection; gloves where there is a risk of…

…blood appears in the hub: lower the angle to close to the plane of the skin and advance a further 1–2 mm so that…

…the coronary arteries. They include anomalous aortic origin of a coronary artery (AAOCA), coronary fistulae, and myocardial bridging. Although many are clinically silent, some produce…

…lymphoedema or a dialysis fistula in both arms, an arm circumference too large for the available cuffs, and in a patient who does not tolerate…

…of a fine needle, and collapsed veins mean that the fine needle is in addition the only one that will go in. The rule that…

…a Dieulafoy lesion, angiodysplasia, malignancy and an aortoenteric fistula. Variceal bleeding generally has a higher early mortality than non variceal bleeding [1,2]. Upper gastrointestinal…

… risk of fistula Surgeon, often operative management Breast Cosmesis, milk ducts, malignancy differential Surgeon or mammography Sole of the foot Deep compartments Orthopaedic surgeon Close…