…with: ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Non ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). Unstable myocardial ischaemia. Ventricular arrhythmia or sudden cardiac arrest. Chronic coronary dissection presenting…

…Evaluation and Physical Examination A comprehensive evaluation is mandatory for patients presenting with sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) if the underlying cardiac disease is unknown or…

…Fever is not obligatory Hypothermia, new confusion, tachypnoea, hypotension, rigors, abdominal pain or a rapid deterioration in general condition may be the only signs of…

…°C has not been shown to improve survival or the neurological outcome compared with keeping the patient normothermic — but fever after cardiac arrest is harmful…

…of treatment response and measurement of residual disease (MRD). Fever of unknown origin or suspected granulomatous disease with marrow involvement. Work up of unexplained iron…

…patient with primary adrenal insufficiency (Addison's disease), secondary adrenal insufficiency or long term corticosteroid treatment cannot increase their own cortisol production. Situation Action : : Fever…

…ear discharge, dizziness, tinnitus, fever in a child without an obvious focus, and before every ear syringing. Removal of cerumen: Hearing loss, a blocked sensation…

…with ascites: fever, abdominal pain, encephalopathy, rising creatinine, gastrointestinal bleeding, leucocytosis or acidosis. Suspected malignancy, tuberculous peritonitis or pancreatic ascites. Therapeutic paracentesis: Tense ascites with…

…with bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hay fever, or nasal polyps (increased risk of hypersensitivity reactions, such as asthma attacks, angioedema, or urticaria with…

…Adverse effects Headache. Nausea. Fever. Atrial fibrillation. Worsening of heart failure. Caution • Used cautiously in patients with acute heart failure. • Clevidipine can cause reflex tachycardia. •…

…Aortic stenosis is a serious condition with poor long term outcomes. Patients with low flow low gradient aortic stenosis (discussed below) have a 3 year…

…during diastole. This causes adverse hemodynamic effects, and the condition is classified as cardiac tamponade. The classical signs of cardiac tamponade are hypotension, muffled heart…

…Similar to sinus rhythm, the rhythm is regular with a positive P wave in lead II, but the heart rate exceeds 100 beats per minute…

…rather than the emergency room: a very large or deep abscess, a markedly unwell patient with fever and systemic upset, suspected necrotising soft tissue infection…

…Ask specifically about: Onset and time course. Increased dyspnoea compared with usual. Increased sputum volume and new sputum purulence. Fever, rigors and respiratory tract symptoms…

…The local stroke protocol and immediate contact with the on call stroke consultant or the thrombectomy centre take precedence where there is a discrepancy or…

…faced with suspected sepsis in adults: rapid recognition, microbiological sampling, empirical intravenous antibiotics, fluid, a vasopressor and early source control. Sepsis is a dynamic condition…

…Adverse effects Headache. Nausea. Fever. Atrial fibrillation. Worsening of heart failure. Caution • Used cautiously in patients with acute heart failure. • Clevidipine can cause reflex tachycardia. •…

…anemia associated with neurological findings, renal failure, or fever. It's a potentially fatal condition that requires prompt treatment, including plasmapheresis. Interference with Platelet Function…

…Malaise Fever Pericardial or chest discomfort Leukocytosis Elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate Pericardial effusion Pericardial pain is often sharp and pleuritic. It may worsen with inspiration…

…Adverse effects Headache. Nausea. Fever. Atrial fibrillation. Worsening of heart failure. Caution • Used cautiously in patients with acute heart failure. • Clevidipine can cause reflex tachycardia. •…

…Reserpine. Clonidine. Conditions Myocardial ischemia, myocardial infarction (can cause permanent bradycardia, particularly anterior infarctions). Viral myocarditis. Lyme disease. Rheumatic fever. Endocarditis. Heart surgery (can cause…

…normal findings, normal variants, etc – from adult electrocardiograms. It is crucial to be familiar with normal findings, normal variants, and pathology in neonates, infants and…

…atrium. An electrode placed in the oesophagus at the right level therefore records atrial depolarisation with an amplitude the surface ECG can never achieve, and…

…is associated with approximately a 25% reduction in recurrent infarction, stroke, or cardiovascular death. In the cited evidence, this corresponded to 36 fewer events per…

…preferred for coronary angiography and PCI because it is associated with fewer vascular and bleeding complications than femoral access. In patients with acute coronary syndrome…

Cardiology Genetic and miscellaneous conditions Definition and classification Coronary anomalies are congenital abnormalities involving the origin, course, distribution, or termination of the coronary arteries. They…

…threatening ischaemia (CLTI). Clinical presentation and symptoms Asymptomatic and atypical disease Fewer than half of patients with PAD have typical symptoms. Many have impaired walking…

…Although thin capped fibroatheromas may have imaging characteristics associated with rupture, fewer than 5% of such lesions caused a clinical event during 3.4 years…

…unstable angina) has increased, resulting in fewer cardiac arrests caused by these conditions ( Jerkeman et al ). It is often difficult to determine the cause of…

…instability. Fewer than 1% of patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) who reach the catheterization laboratory are found to have complete LMCA occlusion, likely…

…shoulder dislocation, with an effect equivalent to sedation and fewer adverse effects Digital nerve block The standard in finger dislocation Procedural sedation Propofol, ketamine or…

…disruption. Fewer than 5% of thin capped fibroatheromas have been identified as the source of an acute myocardial infarction during long term follow up. Moreover…

…people with established coronary disease found fewer cardiovascular events with Mediterranean dietary interventions than with low fat control diets. In one trial of patients with…

…Therefore, emitted sound waves can be associated with reflected sound waves, making it possible to determine the distance of the reflector ( i.e the structure…

…electrical events but from different angles. This means that ECG leads with similar angles must display similar ECG curves (diagrams). For some purposes (e.g…

…waves. The transducer is held with one hand and its position and angle are adjusted to send ultrasound waves through structures to be visualized. Ultrasound…