Hematologi & onkologi Infektionssjukdomar Lathundar Key message Fever in a neutropenic patient is an emergency. Infection can progress rapidly, while the typical local signs of inflammation…

Procedurer Since TTM2 the emphasis has shifted from cooling to fever prevention. Lowering the body temperature to 33 °C has not been shown to improve…

…of treatment response and measurement of residual disease (MRD). Fever of unknown origin or suspected granulomatous disease with marrow involvement. Work up of unexplained iron…

…or long term corticosteroid treatment cannot increase their own cortisol production. Situation Action : : Fever, infection or gastroenteritis at home Double or triple the oral daily…

…ear discharge, dizziness, tinnitus, fever in a child without an obvious focus, and before every ear syringing. Removal of cerumen: Hearing loss, a blocked sensation…

…paracentesis: Newly detected ascites — always. Every admission of a patient with known ascites. Clinical deterioration in a cirrhotic patient with ascites: fever, abdominal pain, encephalopathy…

…kidney function). Patients with bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hay fever, or nasal polyps (increased risk of hypersensitivity reactions, such as asthma attacks, angioedema…

…maximum dose per 24 hours is 1000 mL. Adverse effects Headache. Nausea. Fever. Atrial fibrillation. Worsening of heart failure. Caution • Used cautiously in patients with…

…heart disease is the leading cause of aortic stenosis. Rheumatic heart disease is a complication of rheumatic fever, which is caused by streptococcal infections (group…

…Inflammatory conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, and rheumatic fever. Aortic dissection rupturing into the pericardium. Idiopathic pericardial effusion. Renal failure, hypothyroidism…

…range of diseases and medications may cause sinus tachycardia; e.g congestive heart failure, lung disease (e.g COPD), fever, infections, anemia, myocardial ischemia/infarction…

…rather than the emergency room: a very large or deep abscess, a markedly unwell patient with fever and systemic upset, suspected necrotising soft tissue infection…

…Onset and time course. Increased dyspnoea compared with usual. Increased sputum volume and new sputum purulence. Fever, rigors and respiratory tract symptoms. Chest pain, haemoptysis…

…not routinely to a normoxic patient Temperature Treat fever and look for an underlying infection Swallowing Keep the patient nil by mouth until swallowing has…

…or confirmed infection together with new organ dysfunction must raise the suspicion of sepsis. The patient need not have fever, leucocytosis or a positive culture…

…maximum dose per 24 hours is 1000 mL. Adverse effects Headache. Nausea. Fever. Atrial fibrillation. Worsening of heart failure. Caution • Used cautiously in patients with…

…thrombocytopenia and microangiopathic hemolytic anemia associated with neurological findings, renal failure, or fever. It's a potentially fatal condition that requires prompt treatment, including plasmapheresis…

…ischaemia, coronary spasm, thrombosis, fever, acute starvation, and dieting. Clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for drug induced arrhythmias in patients receiving agents…

…cardiovascular interventions. Dressler syndrome now occurs in fewer than 1% of AMI cases and is seen predominantly after larger infarctions and/or delayed reperfusion. Its…

…maximum dose per 24 hours is 1000 mL. Adverse effects Headache. Nausea. Fever. Atrial fibrillation. Worsening of heart failure. Caution • Used cautiously in patients with…

…myocardial infarction (can cause permanent bradycardia, particularly anterior infarctions). Viral myocarditis. Lyme disease. Rheumatic fever. Endocarditis. Heart surgery (can cause permanent bradycardia). Hypothyroidism. Medullar lesion…

…tachycardia is always considered pathological and the underlying cause must be investigated. Pain, infections, medications, fever, hypovolemia, dehydration, anemia, hyperthyroidism and myocarditis are common etiologies…

…ventricular complexes — more atrial than ventricular complexes, the same number, or fewer. That question determines the diagnosis, and it is asked of a patient who…

…In the cited evidence, this corresponded to 36 fewer events per 1000 treated patients. Aspirin for long term secondary prevention Standard role Aspirin remains the…

…occur in approximately 2% of patients. Serious events such as stroke and myocardial infarction occur in fewer than 1%, while mortality is generally below 0…

…descriptions report rates of approximately 5–10%, while fewer than 5% of otherwise normal angiograms demonstrate bridging. The wide range reflects differences in ascertainment and…

…threatening ischaemia (CLTI). Clinical presentation and symptoms Asymptomatic and atypical disease Fewer than half of patients with PAD have typical symptoms. Many have impaired walking…

…fewer than 5% of such lesions caused a clinical event during 3.4 years of follow up in a prospective study of patients with acute…

…unstable angina) has increased, resulting in fewer cardiac arrests caused by these conditions ( Jerkeman et al ). It is often difficult to determine the cause of…

…instability. Fewer than 1% of patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) who reach the catheterization laboratory are found to have complete LMCA occlusion, likely…

…shoulder dislocation, with an effect equivalent to sedation and fewer adverse effects Digital nerve block The standard in finger dislocation Procedural sedation Propofol, ketamine or…

…disruption. Fewer than 5% of thin capped fibroatheromas have been identified as the source of an acute myocardial infarction during long term follow up. Moreover…

…secondary prevention, randomized trials in people with established coronary disease found fewer cardiovascular events with Mediterranean dietary interventions than with low fat control diets. In…

…to demonstrate an intramural haematoma or double lumen Type 1 is reported in fewer than one third of cases in the pregnancy related source material…

…to travel back and forth, which results in lower pulse repetition frequency (fewer ultrasound pulses can be sent per second). Pulse repetition frequency is inversely…

…arrhythmias) it is not always necessary to analyze all leads, as the diagnosis can often be established by examining fewer leads. On the other hand…

…difference becomes large, which causes too much of the sound waves to be reflected (leaving fewer sound waves to penetrate the tissues). At the front…