…is ineffective against alcohols, lithium, and heavy metals. Enhance elimination Induce diuresis through urine alkalinization, contingent upon renal elimination of the toxicant. This can be…

Psykiatri Akutsjukvård Lathundar Rapid summary Alcohol withdrawal occurs after an abrupt reduction or cessation of prolonged and heavy alcohol intake. The condition can develop despite…

…health and may reduce cardiovascular risk within several years, although risk may remain higher than that of never smokers for a prolonged period. In heavy…

…and infarction Introduction Drug eluting stents (DES) are the predominant device used during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). They evolved from balloon angioplasty and bare metal…

…and dieting. Clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for drug induced arrhythmias in patients receiving agents known to alter the electrical properties of…

…nonpharmacological management should be actively implemented. Adults with blood pressure ≥140/90 mmHg should receive both lifestyle and antihypertensive drug therapy. For grade 1 hypertension…

…of distribution is large, averaging 60 L/kg, and the drug is highly protein bound (96%). The elimination half life is multiphasic. An initial 50…

…entity typically associated with drug induced long QT syndrome (DI LQTS) [1]. The condition arises in the setting of both modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors…

…follows a drug manual for use in the CCU (coronary care unit), ICU (intensive care unit) or ER (emergency room). Careful electrocardiographic and hemodynamic monitoring…

…significant risk factor for drug induced torsades de pointes; therefore, potassium levels must be evaluated and maintained within normal limits. Treatment and Management Indications Sotalol…

…follows a drug manual for use in the CCU (coronary care unit), ICU (intensive care unit) or ER (emergency room). Careful electrocardiographic and hemodynamic monitoring…

…over drugs is that, under monitored conditions, a controlled "dose" of electricity can immediately and safely restore sinus rhythm, obviating slow drug titration and rendering…

…preexisting acidosis, drug overdose, hypothermia, and hyperkalemia. Clinical Presentation and Symptoms The clinical manifestation of bradycardia depends on the adequacy of cardiac output. Isolated sinus…

…tension pneumothorax, preexisting acidosis, drug overdose, hypothermia, and hyperkalemia. When bradycardia occurs in the context of inflammatory heart disease, it often reflects myocardial pathology that…

…option). 10.0–20.0 μg/kg/min ++++ ++++ ++ +++++ High dose dopamine additionally induces α1 stimulation and thereby vasoconstriction with a marked rise in SVR…

…BSA is utilized in various medical applications: Calculation of drug dosages, particularly in chemotherapy Determination of fluid administration Assessment of various hemodynamic and echocardiographic parameters.

…concomitant medications, potential drug interactions, the presumed mechanism of ischaemia, patient preferences, local availability, and cost. The pathophysiological substrate of angina may differ between patients…

…established anti inflammatory drug that may inhibit inflammasome activity, reduce interleukin 1β and interleukin 6 signalling, lower C reactive protein, and impair neutrophil chemotaxis…

…frequent cause of PCI failure, despite its substantially lower incidence with drug eluting stents (DES) than with bare metal stents (BMS). Clinical ISR is generally…

…and third degree sinoatrial block. However, a second degree sinoatrial block may be diagnosed using conventional ECG. Causes of sinoatrial (SA) block The following conditions…

…block (delayed or blocked impulse conduction between the sinoatrial node and the atrium). All these conditions have been discussed in detail in the previous articles…

…age 65, and concomitant drug/alcohol use. Some studies suggest HAS BLED has comparable or slightly superior predictive capability for major bleeding compared to ATRIA…

…of the rib, never at the lower border where the neurovascular bundle lies, and the drainage is stopped for coughing, chest pain, or when the…

…Heart transplant patients: Due to denervation, which makes the sinus and AV nodes supersensitive to the drug, the initial dose should be reduced to 3…

…secondary to known cardiac conditions; in these patients, symptoms may be challenging to differentiate from normal physiological changes of pregnancy. Evaluation and Physical Examination The…

…the first choice of drug. • Effective in sinus bradycardia or AV node block. • Dose <0.5 mg may worsen bradycardia and should not be given…

…cells in the sinoatrial node. They may also induce conduction defects (e.g. AV block). Increased intracranial pressure (manifests with sinus bradycardia and hypertension). Hypothyroidism …

… see the acute stroke quick reference. Stopping the drug and forgetting to restart it after the procedure. Document the restart date in the medical record…

…for each drug and we recommend the reader to use this link to assess the literature. Medical conditions Category Condition Congenital conditions Jervell and Lange…

…antihypertensive drugs used in a hypertensive emergency. It summarises the mechanism of action, the onset, the duration of effect, the dosing, the adverse effects and…

…in renal function and urinary abnormalities. Malignant hypertension may cause acute microangiopathy, with renal, retinal, and cerebral involvement. Catecholamine excess and drug related presentations Severe…

…drug effects. Wide variability between measurements. Hypertension in pregnancy. Contraindications There are no absolute contraindications. Refrain or adapt in atrial fibrillation with a rapid and…

…drugs, fluids and blood products that can be given intravenously , at the same dose. Blood samples can be taken at insertion; a blood gas and…

…including Japanese, Chinese and Malay patients, may have higher statin blood levels; lower starting doses are therefore appropriate. Drug interactions are particularly important. Inhibition of…

…form under high shear conditions. Disruption of an atherosclerotic plaque or injury associated with PCI exposes thrombogenic material, promoting platelet activation, aggregation, and fibrin formation…

…duration of cardiac arrest, quality of CPR, and a prognostic indicator for survival. In the nationwide Swedish Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Registry, 30 days survival in OHCA…

…arrest : Trauma and injuries : Direct trauma can cause airway injuries, resulting in obstruction. Central nervous system (CNS) injuries might cause apnea or hypoventilation. Respiratory conditions …

…the more myocardium can be salvaged. Call the PCI service in parallel with drug treatment and transport planning [1,5]. Symptom duration Under 12 hours…

…Ventilate by mask in opioid induced respiratory depression while naloxone is prepared C Pulse, blood pressure, peripheral perfusion, two intravenous cannulae and continuous ECG monitoring…

…drug toxicity, demyelination HINTS plus by a trained examiner if nystagmus is present, neurological examination, gait and truncal stability Acute balance syndrome Acute persistent unsteadiness…

Cardiology Pharmacology & dosing Definition and pharmacological rationale Bempedoic acid is an oral, small molecule lipid lowering agent used to reduce low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL…

…and junctional, fascicular, or ventricular tachyarrhythmias. Patients may also exhibit neurological or visual symptoms consistent with digitalis toxicity. Several underlying conditions increase a patient's…

Cardiology Pharmacology & dosing Definition and pharmacological basis Ezetimibe is a non statin lipid lowering agent that inhibits the Niemann–Pick C1 like 1 (NPC1L1) transporter…

…because it may provide greater benefit than either drug alone. Long term efficacy data remain limited, and the possibility that chronic If channel blockade could…

…molecular, and acquired factors may interact in its development. PAH may be idiopathic, heritable, drug associated, or associated with conditions such as systemic sclerosis, HIV…

…the diagnosis and should be given, but document the examination findings before the dose. A plan for stopping must be documented when the drug is…

…prasugrel, and ticagrelor. Combining aspirin with a P2Y12 inhibitor produces dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT), while treatment with one antiplatelet drug constitutes single antiplatelet therapy (SAPT)…

Drugs and electrolyte imbalance ECG Digoxin ECG changes: arrhythmias, conduction defects and waveform changes Digoxin may be used in patients with heart failure, atrial fibrillation…

…may induce Brugada syndrome in individuals with underlying genetic susceptibility. If ECG changes consistent with Brugada syndrome develop during treatment with flecainide, the drug must…

…is induced by the drug. Management of all other cases aligns with the approach used for atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter. Beta blockers, digoxin, and…

Arrhythmias and arrhythmology ECG The QT interval, long QT syndrome (LQTS) & ventricular arrhythmias (torsade de pointes) due to prolonged QT interval The QT interval is…

Procedurer Oxygen is a drug and must be prescribed as one: with an indication, a route of administration and a target range for the saturation…

Clevidipine Drug Clevidipine Brand names Cleviprex ® Indications Hypertension and hypertensive emergency. Treatment of postoperative hypertension. Mechanism of action Ultra short acting calcium channel blocker…

Esmolol Drug Esmolol Brand names Brevibloc ® Indications Short term control of ventricular rate (including perioperative tachycardia) and hypertension (including hypertensive emergency, perioperative hypertension). Mechanism…

…Labetalol Drug Labetalol Brand names Trandate ® Indications Mycoardial ischemia. Hypertension. Hypertensive emergency, including in pregnancy. Postoperative hypertension. Mechanism of action Combined beta adrenergic and…

…intracranial bleeding. In another meta analysis, major bleeding increased by approximately 50%, intracranial bleeding by approximately 32%, and major gastrointestinal bleeding by approximately 52%. There…

Clonidine Drug Clonidine Brand names Catapresan ®, Catapres ®, Dixarit ®, Catapres TTS ®, Catapres TTS 1 ®, Duraclon ®, Kapvay ® Indications • Agitated delirium…

Fenoldopam Drug Fenoldopam Brand names Corlopam ® Indications Short term management of hypertension, including hypertensive emergency. Mechanism of action • Systemic Dopamine 1 (D1) receptor agonist…

Metoprolol Drug Metoprolol Brand names Dutoprol ®, Kapspargo ®, Lopressor ®, Lopressor Hct ®, Toprol ®, Seloken ® Indications Mycoardial ischemia. Perioperative hypertension. Mechanism of…

Nicardipine Drug Nicardipine Brand names Cardene ® Indications Hypertension, hypertensive emergency/crisis. Pregnancy induced hypertension. Angina pectoris Prinzmetal's angina Mechanism of action Nicardipine is…