…DICT = Drug induced cardiotoxicity Trade Name Generic/Proper Name(s) Active Ingredient(s) Cardiotoxicity Label Section DICT Concern Cardiac side effects Severity of cardiotoxicity…

…the myocardium to a specific form of polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (VT) known as torsades de pointes (TdP). Drug induced LQTS and TdP represent a multifactorial…

Nicardipine Drug Nicardipine Brand names Cardene ® Indications Hypertension, hypertensive emergency/crisis. Pregnancy induced hypertension. Angina pectoris Prinzmetal's angina Mechanism of action Nicardipine is…

…Nicardipine Drug Nicardipine Brand names Cardene ® Indications Hypertension, hypertensive emergency/crisis. Pregnancy induced hypertension. Angina pectoris Prinzmetal's angina Mechanism of action Nicardipine is…

…Nicardipine Drug Nicardipine Brand names Cardene ® Indications Hypertension, hypertensive emergency/crisis. Pregnancy induced hypertension. Angina pectoris Prinzmetal's angina Mechanism of action Nicardipine is…

…clinical entity typically associated with drug induced long QT syndrome (DI LQTS) [1]. The condition arises in the setting of both modifiable and nonmodifiable risk…

…intravenous administration of 1 mg epinephrine. Predominant causes of anaphylactic cardiac arrest include food allergies, insect stings, and drug induced reactions. Approximately 90% of anaphylactic…

…information for the drug Ticagrelor . Table 1 Summary Indications Ticagrelor, in combination with acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), is indicated for the prevention of atherothrombotic events in…

…ultrasound of the liver and biliary tract . Go through the medication and any herbal preparations carefully — drug induced liver injury is the commonest cause of…

…clearance must be assessed prior to initiation and monitored continuously during therapy. Hypokalemia is a significant risk factor for drug induced torsades de pointes; therefore…

…Overview of vasopressors and inotropes Inotropes and vasopressors. Table 1. Drug manual for inotropes and vasopressors Drug Indications Dose α1 effect β1 effect β2 effect…

…Overview of vasopressors and inotropes Inotropes and vasopressors. Table 1. Drug manual for inotropes and vasopressors Drug Indications Dose α1 effect β1 effect β2 effect…

…regular medication and drug dependence epilepsy or previous seizures suicidal intent packaging, blister packs, photographs, the prescription list and the findings of the ambulance crew…

…Treatment of atrial tachycardia Discontinuation of digoxin is typically sufficient in patients whose atrial tachycardia is induced by the drug. Management of all other cases…

…pressure control. Mechanism of action Nitroprusside provides nitric oxide (NO) that induces vasodilatation of both arterioles and veins via generation of cyclic GMP, which then…

…induce severe hypotension. • Clonidine is not recommended in most patients with severe cardiovascular disease or in those who are otherwise haemodynamically unstable. The benefit of…

…ineffective against alcohols, lithium, and heavy metals. Enhance elimination Induce diuresis through urine alkalinization, contingent upon renal elimination of the toxicant. This can be accompli

…Nitroprusside Figure 1. The approximate position of each drug according to its vasoconstrictor effect (vertical axis) and its positive inotropic effect (horizontal axis). Grey =…

…hypertensive emergencies due to the high risk of reflex sympathetic stimulation. Drug Hydralazine Brand names Apresoline ®, Bidil ® Mechanism of action • Induces arteriolar vasodilation…

…pressure control. Mechanism of action Nitroglycerin provides nitric oxide (NO) that induces vasodilatation (of both arterioles and veins) via generation of cyclic GMP, which then…

…patients; the regimen must be individualized based on the clinical situation and arrhythmia severity. Because of the drug's unusual pharmacokinetics, serious arrhythmia indications, and…

…difficult. In patients with normal renal function, the occurrence of contrast induced AKI is negligible or very low. Risk rises substantially with chronic kidney disease…

…process. A broad spectrum of pharmacologic agents can induce bradycardia or conduction disorders. These include beta blockers, non dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers, antiarrhythmic drugs (amiodarone…

…In the management of acute heart failure and cardiogenic shock, intravenous vasoactive agents are categorised according to their distinct pharmacodynamic mechanisms. These drugs are broadly…

…before revascularisation. Evaluation of treatment effect in stable angina. Exercise induced arrhythmia or exercise induced syncope. Assessment of chronotropic function and pacemaker settings. Preoperative functional…

…delivered bolus to achieve sufficiently high concentrations at its clinical site of action—the coronary artery perfusing the AV node—before the drug is eliminated…

…overestimation of the QT interval. If the patient uses QT prolonging drugs, the QT interval should be measured during peak plasma concentrations of that drug…

…it binds the MR, which translocates to the nucleus and induces expression of aldosterone responsive genes. Although the kidney is a major target—where MR…

…heart failure or after myocardial infarction). Ventricular arrhythmias are easier to induce in the presence of arrhythmogenic substrates. A substrate is defined as a physiological…

…and flecainide Propafenone and flecainide are both class I antiarrhythmic drugs and share several characteristics. Indications, propafenone Prophylaxis and treatment of life threatening ventricular tachyarrhythmias…

…effects of drugs (notably beta blockers, digitalis, verapamil, diltiazem, amiodarone, clonidine) – These drugs affect the pacemaker cells in the sinoatrial node. They may also induce…

…AF induces a systemic hypercoagulable state, characterized by elevated biomarkers such as D dimer, von Willebrand factor, and increased thrombin generation. The clinical consequence of…

…polymer free drug delivery system, and an antiproliferative agent. Their development has improved procedural safety, reduced repeat revascularization, and broadened the range of lesions amenable…

…individualized within the applicable guideline framework. Combination therapy is based on the complementary mechanisms of drugs from different classes. By acting on more than one…

Clevidipine Drug Clevidipine Brand names Cleviprex ® Indications Hypertension and hypertensive emergency. Treatment of postoperative hypertension. Mechanism of action Ultra short acting calcium channel blocker…

…Drug Esmolol Brand names Brevibloc ® Indications Short term control of ventricular rate (including perioperative tachycardia) and hypertension (including hypertensive emergency, perioperative hypertension). Mechanism of…

Fenoldopam Drug Fenoldopam Brand names Corlopam ® Indications Short term management of hypertension, including hypertensive emergency. Mechanism of action • Systemic Dopamine 1 (D1) receptor agonist…

Labetalol Drug Labetalol Brand names Trandate ® Indications Mycoardial ischemia. Hypertension. Hypertensive emergency, including in pregnancy. Postoperative hypertension. Mechanism of action Combined beta adrenergic and…

…Metoprolol Drug Metoprolol Brand names Dutoprol ®, Kapspargo ®, Lopressor ®, Lopressor Hct ®, Toprol ®, Seloken ® Indications Mycoardial ischemia. Perioperative hypertension. Mechanism of…

Phentolamine Drug Phentolamine Brand names Oraverse ®, Rogitine ® Indications Hypertensive crisis. Mechanism of action Phentolamine is a non selective alpha adrenergic blocker. Phentolamine reduces…

…why, or the patient at risk of carbon dioxide retention is given 15 litres on a reservoir mask and drifts off into a respiratory acidosis…

…drug that irreversibly inhibits cyclooxygenase and thereby suppresses thromboxane A2 synthesis. Thromboxane A2 promotes vasoconstriction and platelet aggregation. Because aspirin affects only one pathway of…

…continued, dosing is guided by drug concentration measurement. At a creatinine clearance <20 mL/min, consider an alternative treatment In aminoglycoside treatment of obese patients…

…atrial fibrillation Drug Standard dose Reduced dose and criterion : : : Apixaban 5 mg twice daily 2.5 mg twice daily if at least two of: age…

…Prescribe basal insulin, mealtime insulin and the correction dose as three separate entries on the drug chart. Glucose targets on the ward Situation Target plasma…

…Drug Enalaprilat Brand names Vasotec IV ® Indications Hypertension and hypertensive emergency. Acute left ventricular failure. Mechanism of action Enalaprilat is the active metabolite (ester…

Info A comprehensive list of conditions and drugs that may prolong the QT interval, and cause torsade de pointes (TdP) and long QT syndrome (LQTS…

…microvascular dysfunction, or combinations of these mechanisms. Drug selection can therefore be tailored to the suspected mechanism. No antianginal class has demonstrated consistent superiority for…

…ISR remains the most frequent cause of PCI failure, despite its substantially lower incidence with drug eluting stents (DES) than with bare metal stents (BMS…

…reference gives internationally established doses. Drug availability, thrombolysis regimens, renal function thresholds and the division of work between the ambulance service, the emergency department and…

…dissection, aminoglycoside toxicity, antiepileptic drugs, alcohol or sedatives Trauma and medication directed workup This corresponds to the principles of TiTrATE, in which Timing, Triggers And…

…The management of complicated withdrawal varies between regions and units. Follow the local protocol for choice of drug, dosing, route of administration and criteria for…

…the investigation will be usable. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) Indications Confirmation of newly detected hypertension — recommended before treatment is started . Suspected white coat hypertension…

…oedema, together with at least one of the following: airway compromise respiratory compromise circulatory compromise severe gastrointestinal symptoms, particularly after exposure to a drug, insect…

…conceal sarcopenia), in oedema and ascites, and in people under 18 years of age, where iso BMI or percentile charts should be used. Waist circumference…

…without delay, in any of the following: A systolic blood pressure < 90 mmHg caused by the arrhythmia. Ongoing myocardial ischaemia with chest pain and…

…beginning of the investigation, not the end. In a frail older patient an apparently small insult — sleep deprivation, urinary retention or a new sedative drug…

…a fuller account of two of the commonest acute drug problems, see Warfarin therapy and Opioid therapy in severe pain. Cardiac arrest Drug Adult Child…

…Neurological status, urine output, creatinine, acid–base status and signs of myocardial ischaemia must be monitored during treatment [4,6]. Important exceptions Condition Overall strategy…

…can present postpartum. Known hypertension and current antihypertensive treatment. Missed doses or abrupt withdrawal of a beta blocker, clonidine or another sympatholytic drug. Cocaine, amfetamine…