…acute starvation, and dieting. Clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for drug induced arrhythmias in patients receiving agents known to alter the electrical…

…or diastolic pressure ≥120 mmHg) with concurrent signs of acute organ damage or failure. Any of the drugs listed below may be used to treat…

…or diastolic pressure ≥120 mmHg) with concurrent signs of acute organ damage or failure. Any of the drugs listed below may be used to treat…

…Management Definition and Clinical Characteristics Torsades de pointes (TdP) represents a multifactorial clinical entity typically associated with drug induced long QT syndrome (DI LQTS) [1]…

…Interference with Platelet Function Test for Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT): False negative results in platelet function tests (including HIPA test) for HIT have been reported…

…Go through the medication and any herbal preparations carefully — drug induced liver injury is the commonest cause of acute liver failure in the Nordic countries.

…and an ECG all come before complete identification of the substance. Treatment of acute poisoning consists of four parallel components: supportive treatment, a targeted antidote…

…a drug manual for use in the CCU (coronary care unit), ICU (intensive care unit) or ER (emergency room). Careful electrocardiographic and hemodynamic monitoring with…

…a drug manual for use in the CCU (coronary care unit), ICU (intensive care unit) or ER (emergency room). Careful electrocardiographic and hemodynamic monitoring with…

…forms of acute tubular necrosis, although the complication remains associated with post procedural morbidity and mortality. Pathophysiology The precise mechanism of contrast induced AKI is…

…Lathundar Vasopressors induce vasoconstriction and raise the mean arterial pressure (MAP). Inotropes increase myocardial contractility. There are several synthetic and endogenous agents with inotropic and…

…may contribute to its inotropic profile. The drug possesses an active, acetylated metabolite with a half life exceeding 80 hours, allowing for sustained hemodynamic effects…

…commonly stated that approximately 80% of all cardiac arrests are caused by acute or chronic coronary artery disease, with the latter being the most common…

…ivabradine), psychoactive and neuroactive drugs (lithium, phenothiazine, phenytoin, carbamazepine), and various chemotherapeutic agents. In the acute setting, bradyarrhythmic cardiac arrest or asystole may result from…

…ECG with continuous recording; automated or manual blood pressure measurement. Resuscitation trolley with defibrillator, oxygen, suction and emergency drugs in the room. Staff with current…

…These drugs affect the pacemaker cells in the sinoatrial node. They may also induce conduction defects (e.g. AV block). Increased intracranial pressure (manifests with…

…of 1318 Human Drugs Ranked by Risk of Drug Induced Cardiotoxicity Using FDA Labeling . Drug Discovery Today. 2023. DICT = Drug induced cardiotoxicity Trade Name…

…inhibiting the contraction of smooth muscle cells. As compared with nitroprusside, nicardipine induces relatively greater venodilation than arteriolar dilation. Effects Nicardipine causes dilation of the…

…insect stings, and drug induced reactions. Approximately 90% of anaphylactic cardiac arrests present with pulseless electrical activity (PEA) as the initial rhythm, while the remainder…

…clearance must be assessed prior to initiation and monitored continuously during therapy. Hypokalemia is a significant risk factor for drug induced torsades de pointes; therefore…

…sufficient in patients whose atrial tachycardia is induced by the drug. Management of all other cases aligns with the approach used for atrial fibrillation and…

Nitroprusside Drug Nitroprusside Brand names Nipride ®, Nipride RTU ®, Nitropress ®. Indications Pulmonary edema, congestive heart failure. Angina pectoris. Hypertension, hypertensive crisis/emergency. Pulmonary…

…Caution • Clonidine may induce severe hypotension. • Clonidine is not recommended in most patients with severe cardiovascular disease or in those who are otherwise haemodynamically unstable…

CPR Poisoning and drug toxicity In adolescents and young adults, intoxication events leading to cardiac arrest are notably prevalent, primarily due to the misuse of…

…high risk of reflex sympathetic stimulation. Drug Hydralazine Brand names Apresoline ®, Bidil ® Mechanism of action • Induces arteriolar vasodilation. No effect on venous circulation…

…tolerance and require higher doses, alternatively nitroprusside to achieve desirable blood pressure lowring effect. Drug Nitroglycerin Brand names Gonitro ®, Minitran ®, Mylan nitro ®…

…strategies. The drug is slowly and incompletely absorbed after oral administration, with systemic bioavailability ranging from 25% to 65% and minimal hepatic first pass extraction…

…Pathophysiology Adenosine is an endogenous nucleoside present throughout the body that interacts with G protein coupled A1 receptors located on the extracellular surface of cardiac…

…depolarize and repolarize the ventricles ( Figure 1 ). The length of the QT interval correlates strongly with the risk of potentially life threatening ventricular arrhythmias. Therefore…

…four antihypertensive drugs despite control Hypertension with spontaneous or diuretic induced hypokalaemia Hypertension with an adrenal incidentaloma Hypertension associated with sleep apnoea Hypertension with atrial…

…may induce Brugada syndrome in individuals with underlying genetic susceptibility. If ECG changes consistent with Brugada syndrome develop during treatment with flecainide, the drug must…

…driver of global cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, primarily due to its association with ischemic stroke and systemic embolism. The contemporary understanding of AF has evolved…

…been associated with reduced vascular injury and inflammation, faster endothelialization, less neointimal proliferation and lower thrombogenicity. Stent thrombosis Early metallic stents reduced acute closure but…

…both lifestyle and antihypertensive drug therapy. For grade 1 hypertension, pharmacological treatment has demonstrated cardiovascular benefit, although in younger individuals with low short term risk…

…Atrial fibrillation. Worsening of heart failure. Caution • Used cautiously in patients with acute heart failure. • Clevidipine can cause reflex tachycardia. • Contraindicated in severe aortic stenosis…

Esmolol Drug Esmolol Brand names Brevibloc ® Indications Short term control of ventricular rate (including perioperative tachycardia) and hypertension (including hypertensive emergency, perioperative hypertension). Mechanism…

Fenoldopam Drug Fenoldopam Brand names Corlopam ® Indications Short term management of hypertension, including hypertensive emergency. Mechanism of action • Systemic Dopamine 1 (D1) receptor agonist…

Labetalol Drug Labetalol Brand names Trandate ® Indications Mycoardial ischemia. Hypertension. Hypertensive emergency, including in pregnancy. Postoperative hypertension. Mechanism of action Combined beta adrenergic and…

…Bronchospasm. Caution • Avoided in hypertensive emergencies with acute heart failure. • Used cautiously in patients with asthma (due to risk of bronchospasm). • Used cautiously in bradycardia…

…patient has a confirmed diagnosis of pheochromocytoma Treatment of hypertension associated with pheochromocytoma; treatment of dermal necrosis after extravasation of drugs with á adrenergic effects…

Procedurer Oxygen is a drug and must be prescribed as one: with an indication, a route of administration and a target range for the saturation…

…Aspirin, or acetylsalicylic acid, is an antiplatelet drug that irreversibly inhibits cyclooxygenase and thereby suppresses thromboxane A2 synthesis. Thromboxane A2 promotes vasoconstriction and platelet aggregation…

…the drug is contraindicated at an eGFR <45 mL/min. A short course (no more than 7 days) may be given to selected patients with…

…the patient on anticoagulants; see the acute stroke quick reference. Stopping the drug and forgetting to restart it after the procedure. Document the restart date…

…and change to an infusion or injections Drugs for type 2 diabetes in inpatients Agent The acutely ill inpatient : : Metformin Stop in acute kidney injury…

…individual variations in its effect. Drug Enalaprilat Brand names Vasotec IV ® Indications Hypertension and hypertensive emergency. Acute left ventricular failure. Mechanism of action Enalaprilat…

…Classified as QT prolonging drug in DrugBank. No data on QT prolongation or risk of torsade de pointes in PubMed. Drug with neuroleptic and anti…

…With the important exception of beta blockers in selected patients after acute myocardial infarction (MI), antianginal drugs have not been shown to improve long term…

…frequent cause of PCI failure, despite its substantially lower incidence with drug eluting stents (DES) than with bare metal stents (BMS). Clinical ISR is generally…

…the more myocardium can be salvaged. Call the PCI service in parallel with drug treatment and transport planning [1,5]. Symptom duration Under 12 hours…

…triggers it [1,2]. The single most important practical rule is: Continuous acute dizziness with spontaneous nystagmus: consider HINTS plus, but only if the examiner…

…can develop despite a measurable or high blood alcohol concentration, particularly in patients with marked tolerance. The most important measures in severe or complicated withdrawal…

…adverse drug effects. Wide variability between measurements. Hypertension in pregnancy. Contraindications There are no absolute contraindications. Refrain or adapt in atrial fibrillation with a rapid…

…Acute onset of skin or mucosal symptoms , for example generalised urticaria, itching, flushing or angio oedema, together with at least one of the following: airway…

…at the end of expiration, with the tape horizontal and without compressing the skin. Ratios and other measurements Measurement Calculation Threshold : : : Waist–hip ratio Waist…

…A systolic blood pressure < 90 mmHg caused by the arrhythmia. Ongoing myocardial ischaemia with chest pain and ECG changes. Acute pulmonary oedema. Impaired consciousness…

…in parallel with the investigation. 8. Document the diagnosis and communicate it at every handover. Recognise it Core criteria Core criterion Meaning : : Acute onset The…

…No drug has been shown to improve the neurological outcome in cardiac arrest. High quality compressions with minimal interruptions and early defibrillation are what determine…

…not normally be lowered rapidly with intravenous drugs. Such treatment has not been shown to improve the prognosis and can cause hypotension, acute kidney injury…

…alone [2]. A markedly raised blood pressure without acute organ damage should as a rule not be lowered rapidly with intravenous drugs. Restart or optimise…