…These are the main adjustments made to improve image quality. Adjusting image depth and zoom Examinations in each echocardiographic view are initialized by identifying an…

…to the local protocol. Usually a bolus followed by repeated doses or an infusion Suspected adrenal crisis Give the corticosteroid immediately. Do not wait for…

…Specific dosing adjustments are required in certain patient populations: Pediatric patients: For patients weighing less than 50 kg, the dosing should be 0.05 to…

…and pain in the palliative phase. Severe breathlessness in the palliative phase (at lower doses than for pain). An opioid is rarely the right choice…

…The resulting mild reduction in blood pressure is often accompanied by a compensatory rise in cardiac output. Although these changes are usually of limited clinical…

…50 Dose reduction as in the table above for rivaroxaban and edoxaban. Check every 6 months 15 30 Dabigatran contraindicated. The other DOACs are possible…

Farmakologi & dosering Lathundar Conversion tables are approximate. When switching between opioids, cross tolerance is incomplete: reduce the calculated equianalgesic dose by 25–50 per cent…

…circulation and underlying disease are monitored [3]. The management of complicated withdrawal varies between regions and units. Follow the local protocol for choice of drug…

…and paediatric doses are given per kilogram with the stated maximum. Always check against the local guideline and the Swedish medicines compendium (FASS) before administration…

…Not writing the prescription for hypoglycaemia. See the separate quick reference. Forgetting to review the dose as the corticosteroid is tapered. The dose must come…

…supported by international guidelines on neutropenic fever [2]. The direct evidence for exactly one hour in neutropenic fever is limited, but delayed antibiotics are associated…

…whoever starts the drug is responsible for the first week. Indications A mechanical valve prosthesis — warfarin is mandatory, and direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are contraindicated…

…Increased intra ocular pressure in patients with glaucoma. Caution Used cautiously in patients with glaucoma or increased intracranial pressure. Fenoldopam doses and administration in hypertension.

…of action 5 to 8 hours Delivery IV Dose 1.25 to 5 mg IV followed by 2.5–15 mg IV every 3 to…

…1 to 2 minutes Duration of action 10 to 30 minutes Delivery IV Dose Bolus injection : 5 to 15 mg every 5 to 15 minutes…

…as an initial dose of 15 mg/min for 10 minutes. This is followed by a slower infusion of 1 mg/min for 6 hours…

…By inhibiting the intracellular portion of its transmembrane pore, ivabradine reduces the slope of diastolic depolarisation and produces a dose dependent reduction in sinus rate…

…for intravenous thrombolysis, weight based tenecteplase dosing, blood pressure thresholds, monitoring, complications and when thrombectomy should be considered. The doses and Swedish thresholds below are…

…01 ml/kg. The maximum single dose is 0.5 mg, corresponding to 0.5 ml. Adults are usually given 0.5 mg. In a…

…< 90 mmHg caused by the arrhythmia. Ongoing myocardial ischaemia with chest pain and ECG changes. Acute pulmonary oedema. Impaired consciousness. Synchronised cardioversion under sedation…

Infektionssjukdomar Farmakologi & dosering Lathundar The doses below are taken from the recommendations of Strama Stockholm for the empirical antibiotic treatment of adults in hospital and…

…in poisoning — it rarely alters the course and adds a risk of aspiration. Repeated doses of charcoal are given in serious poisoning with agents that…

…governed by ECG changes, symptoms, the rate of rise, renal function and the clinical context , not by the potassium value alone. A normal ECG does…

…μg/kg/min ++++ ++++ ++ +++++ High dose dopamine additionally induces α1 stimulation and thereby vasoconstriction with a marked rise in SVR. As for the intermediate dose…

…the diagnosis always weighs more heavily). A joint prosthesis: the aspiration must be performed by an orthopaedic surgeon under strictly sterile conditions. For corticosteroid injection…

…identify the landmarks. Choice of vein and cannula size Choose the veins of the forearm for planned treatment: they are stable, they disturb the patient…

…thrombolysis is the first line treatment in high risk embolism, unless there is an absolute contraindication. The agent and dose are according to the local…

Infektionssjukdomar Akutsjukvård Lathundar Purpose and scope A quick reference for the doctor on call faced with suspected sepsis in adults: rapid recognition, microbiological sampling, empirical…

…seizure, repeated doses of benzodiazepine, aspiration, hypoventilation, circulatory failure or an anticipated need for anaesthesia. Consider a 12 lead ECG when the acute situation allows…

…haemoglobin early on does not exclude major bleeding. In acute blood loss, plasma and red cells are lost simultaneously, which means the haemoglobin can be…

…and high dose corticosteroids. The time limit and the choice of closure strategy The classical limit of 6–8 hours for primary closure rests on…

…is unclear. Metamizole: May reduce the antiplatelet effect of acetylsalicylic acid. Use with caution in patients on low dose acetylsalicylic acid for cardioprotection. Pharmacokinetic interactions…

…MAP) by decreasing systemic vascular resistance (SVR). Clevidipine does not reduce cardiac filling pressure (pre load), since it has no effects on the venous capacitance…

…areas of the medulla result in the blood pressure lowering effect. Effects Potent blood pressure lowering effect. Pain relief. Delivery IV, IM, PO, transdermal Dose…

…Enalaprilat is the active metabolite (ester) of enalapril, an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. Enalaprilat lowers blood pressure by inhibiting ACE. Effects • The hypotensive effect…

…ischemia in the CCU or ICU. Time to onset of action 1 minute Duration of action 20 30 minutes Delivery IV Dose Loading dose: 500…

Hydralazine Hydralazine is not preferred for hypertensive emergencies due to the high risk of reflex sympathetic stimulation. Drug Hydralazine Brand names Apresoline ®, Bidil ®…

…MAP) by decreasing systemic vascular resistance (SVR). Clevidipine does not reduce cardiac filling pressure (pre load), since it has no effects on the venous capacitance…

…are frequently combined to achieve the desired hemodynamic outcome. Most agents exhibit both vasopressor and inotropic effects (Figure 1). Below follows a drug manual for…

…mg every 10 minutes to a total dose of 300 mg. Infusion regime : • 0.5–2 mg/minute IV infusion. Higher doses are sometimes required…

…LDL C levels are reassessed to evaluate the response: • If LDL C < 1.4 mmol/L (55 mg/dL): No change to the therapy…

…Edema. Dizziness. Caution Should be used cautiously in patients with myocardial ischemia and/or heart failure. Nicardipine doses and administration in hypertension (hypertensive crisis/emergency).

…IV Dose Initial infusion dose: 5 μg/min. Increase by 5 10 μg/min every 5 min to desired blood pressure. Maximum dose…

…Fatal outcomes are rare. Renal failure increases risk of cyanide toxicity. Cyanide toxicity requires doses 2 μg/kg/minute. Use the lowest possible dose…

…C). Pediatric population Safety and efficacy in children under 18 years have not been established. Limited data are available for children with sickle cell anemia…

…twice daily is the recommended dose for extended treatment for patients who had a heart attack at least a year ago and are at high…

…vernakalant Vernakalant is dosed by body weight, with the maximum dose based upon 113 kg. Normal dilution: 4 mg/ml. Recommended initial dose: 3 mg…

…of the cough with the medication. Specific diagnostic criteria for cough hypersensitivity syndrome are lacking; the diagnosis is suspected when alternative etiologies are excluded by…

…Symptoms The source material does not provide specific information on the clinical presentation and symptoms of the underlying conditions for which ACE inhibitors are prescribed…

…but does not reduce cardiovascular or all cause mortality. Reported relative effects include: Approximately 11% reduction in cardiovascular events in a meta analysis of primary…

…despite maximally tolerated therapy. It is a prodrug activated predominantly in the liver by very long chain acyl CoA synthetase 1. This activating enzyme is…

…previous acute coronary syndrome. The available evidence supports consideration of low dose colchicine as an adjunct to, rather than a replacement for, established secondary prevention…

…reducing the dose of prasugrel; extending DAPT beyond 12 months in carefully selected patients with high ischemic risk and low bleeding risk. These strategies are…

…upfront monotherapy for every patient with isolated hypertension. Single Pill Combinations Fixed dose, single pill combinations are preferred whenever combination treatment is used. The number…

…form the foundation of treatment. Statins are the preferred first line pharmacological therapy for patients at increased ASCVD risk. Ezetimibe is appropriate when the LDL…

…doubling the dose produces an additional reduction of approximately 6%. Clinical indications and treatment goals Established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease Patients with established ASCVD are at…

…the risk of simvastatin related myopathy. Some Asian populations, including Japanese, Chinese and Malay patients, may have higher statin blood levels; lower starting doses are…

…required. The rationale for electrical therapy over drugs is that, under monitored conditions, a controlled "dose" of electricity can immediately and safely restore sinus rhythm…

…patients require an immediate intravenous dose of 1 mg epinephrine . For anaphylaxis without cardiac arrest: Administer 0.5 mg epinephrine intramuscularly in the anterolateral thigh…

…protocols are followed. Moreover, for optimal management in the context of sepsis induced cardiac arrest, consider the following recommendations: Administer 100% oxygen at the maximum…