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A new ECG biomarker for sudden cardiac death

…value — the majority of sudden cardiac deaths occur in patients with preserved LVEF, for whom no practical risk prediction tool currently exists. At the other…

Pulmonary Embolism (PE)

…embolize to the pulmonary artery or its branches. In the majority of cases, the thrombus is formed in the deep veins of the legs or…

Right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH): ECG criteria & clinical characteristics

…of the left ventricle is enhanced in LVH, which results in large R waves in left sided leads (V5, V6, aVL and I) and deep…

Abscess incision and drainage

… risk of fistula Surgeon, often operative management Breast Cosmesis, milk ducts, malignancy differential Surgeon or mammography Sole of the foot Deep compartments Orthopaedic surgeon Close…

Ankle-brachial index (ABI)

…ulcers and before deciding the level of amputation. Contraindications There are no absolute contraindications. Refrain or modify in: Deep vein thrombosis in the leg — cuff…

Anticoagulants: quick reference for dosing, renal adjustment and reversal

…by the bleeding risk of the procedure and by renal function. In markedly reduced renal function (dabigatran at eGFR <30 mL/min, the other DOACs…

Endotracheal intubation

…and respiratory acidosis, or a markedly increased work of breathing with impending exhaustion. Threatened airway obstruction: inhalation injury, anaphylaxis, deep neck infection, an expanding haematoma…

Exercise stress test on cycle ergometer

…heart failure. Acute pulmonary embolism or deep vein thrombosis. Acute myocarditis, pericarditis or endocarditis. Acute aortic dissection. Physical inability to perform the test safely. Relative…

Leg ulcers — wound debridement and compression therapy

…toe pressure < 30 mmHg. Decompensated heart failure — compression of both legs acutely increases preload. Untreated deep vein thrombosis in the acute phase. Septic phlebitis…

Lumbar puncture

…Only clinical signs of herniation halt the puncture, and antibiotics and a corticosteroid are then given immediately after blood cultures. For questions other than acute…

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