…explanation: Seizures A deeply reduced level of consciousness Coma Marked drowsiness, for example a Glasgow Coma Scale below 8 Vomiting together with clear neurological impairment…

…Remove contaminated clothing and wash the skin after external exposure A low Glasgow Coma Scale is not on its own an absolute indication for intubation…

…with correction doses alone according to the glucose value, without basal insulin (a so called sliding scale), gives poorer control and is not recommended as…

…laboratory abnormalities indicate end organ injury. Eclampsia is the occurrence of new onset seizures or coma in a pregnant woman with preeclampsia. HELLP syndrome—haemolysis…

…Aspiration Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Bronchospasm (asthma) Other : Coma Central hypoventilation syndromes Neuromuscular diseases Anemia The natural course of asphyxia Should ventilation be entirely…

…Neurological symptoms, confusion, convulsion, tachycardia, hypotension, coma. As above but with lower temperatures. Electrolyte replacement. Large infusions of fluids are typically needed. Table 1. Grading…

…L pH < 7.00 or bicarbonate < 10 mmol/L Stupor or coma may occur Mixed picture of DKA and HHS Overlap is common…

…neck mobility (1 point), mouth opening under 3 cm (1 point), coma (1 point), severe hypoxaemia below 80 % (1 point), and the intubator not being…

…can cause: difficulty concentrating irritability or abnormal behaviour slurred speech visual disturbance confusion focal neurological signs drowsiness or unconsciousness seizures coma The symptom threshold varies…

…muscle cramps, apathy, confusion, impaired reflexes. Severe <115 mmol/L Seizures, coma, respiratory arrest, brainstem herniation and death. Table 2. Grading of hyponatremia. Hypernatremia Hypernatremia…

…s outcome: Neurological injury Myocardial dysfunction Systemic response to reperfusion and ischemia Effects of the underlying cause of cardiac arrest Neurological injuries may cause coma…

Farmakologi & dosering Kardiologi Lathundar Three questions come up again and again on call: which dose, how long to interrupt treatment before a procedure, and how…

Echocardiography The Continuity Equation: What Goes In Must Come Out As previously discussed, stroke volume is usually calculated by measuring area and VTI (velocity time…

…often for practical than for medical reasons: the cuff is in the wrong place, the electrodes come off, the patient has not kept a diary…

…despite maximally tolerated therapy. It is a prodrug activated predominantly in the liver by very long chain acyl CoA synthetase 1. This activating enzyme is…

…precisely the point. Ask the patient to keep the eyes open and look straight ahead — without open eyes there is no diagnosis. Procedure The Dix…

…Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Sweden, is the force behind the comprehensive online course at ecgwaves.com. This website provides a comprehensive learning ecosystem. It includes a…

…Hence, right ventricular hypertrophy must be pronounced in order to come to the expression on ECG. Moderate right ventricular hypertrophy may not alter the ECG…

…https://ecgwaves.com/course/sudden cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation cpr/ Approximately 80% of individuals who suffer a sudden cardiac arrest have ventricular fibrillation prior…

Procedurer The single most important step in any eye injury is to measure and document the visual acuity before anything else is done. The second…

…a head rest, preferably an ENT chair; raise the chair to your eye level. A head lamp or another directable light source, an operating otoscope…

…with at least 15 mm depth of fluid throughout the respiratory cycle and where the lung does not come up against the probe on inspiration…

…de pointes . ECG showing an episode of sinus rhythm (with multiple ventricular premature beats) spontaneously converting to Torsade de Pointes ventricular tachycardia. Notice how arterial…

…7 ). The explanation for this is as follows: The vector resulting from activation of the right ventricle does not come to expression , because it is…

…vision, burning sensation. Relevant reading https://ecgwaves.com/topic/diagnosis management tachycardia tachyarrhythmia wide narrow/ References Drug Bank Zipes et al: Arrhythmology, Elsevier (2019). Wellington…

…ventricular activity. Fortunately, the treatment of atrial fibrillation has come a long way. Treatment with anticoagulation is highly effective in reducing stroke risk. Wrfarin and…

…depth discussion regarding J wave syndromes is provided by Charles Antzelevitch. Note that Brugada syndrome and early repolarization are discussed separately here on ecgwaves.com.

…Treatment of first degree AV block Refer to Management of Atrioventricular (AV) Blocks https://ecgwaves.com/topic/av block 1 2 3 treatment management ecg/

…severe disturbance of ventricular repolarization, which usually prevents other ST T changes (such as those arising from ischemia) to come to expression on ECG. Therefore…