…Prevention of recurrence after a healed venous ulcer. After deep vein thrombosis with post thrombotic syndrome. Differential diagnosis Feature Venous ulcer Arterial ulcer Diabetic foot…

…and Pathophysiology Aortic dissection is a major form of acute aortic syndrome (AAS), alongside intramural haematoma, penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer, aortic pseudoaneurysm and traumatic aortic injury…

…windowed splint or external fixation. Established or impending compartment syndrome. An unstable fracture requiring operative fixation. A circumferential cast in a fresh injury, before surgery…

…exceed available blood flow. The resulting ischaemia threatens skeletal muscle and peripheral nerves and may progress rapidly to irreversible tissue injury. Skeletal muscle and nerves…

…crisis. Contraindications There are no absolute contraindications in hypoxaemia. Take particular care in: A risk of hypercapnic respiratory failure — COPD, severe obesity with hypoventilation, neuromuscular…

…stent platforms use thinner struts and improved delivery systems, reducing vascular injury and improving flexibility and deliverability. Contemporary durable polymers are more biocompatible than those…

…it is the freeze–thaw–freeze cycle that causes cell death, not the cold alone. The temperature at the outer edge of the tissue is…

…tachypnoea, cold periphery Almost always Pulsus paradoxus above 10 mmHg A fall in systolic blood pressure during inspiration; one of the most useful signs Low…

…body's capacity for heat elimination. Hyperthermia can induce an inflammatory state similar to the Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS). Body temperatures surpassing 40°C (104°F…

…patient must have rested lying down for at least 10 minutes in a room at a comfortable temperature — a cold foot gives falsely low pressures…