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Exercise stress test on cycle ergometer

… note it in the report. Shaving and careful skin preparation at the electrode sites — movement artefact ruins an exercise test more often than anything else…

Central venous catheter

…probe, a sterile probe cover and sterile gel. Chlorhexidine in alcohol 5 mg/mL for skin disinfection. Allow it to air dry completely before puncture…

The ECG leads: Electrodes, limb leads, chest (precordial) leads and the 12-Lead ECG

…in electric potential between two measurement points. In electrocardiology, these measurement points are the skin electrodes. Thus, the electrical potential difference is the difference in…

Standard Transthoracic Echocardiogram: Complete Imaging Protocol

…transducer moves across the patient’s skin to a new position. Rock : Within the same imaging plane, the transducer changes orientation either toward or away…

Paracentesis

…if in doubt Cellulitis over the insertion site Change the puncture site Preparation and equipment Ultrasound with a curved array probe. Sterile preparation (chlorhexidine in…

Anaphylaxis: quick reference for emergency management

…during anaesthesia, a drug infusion or the administration of contrast medium Skin symptoms are absent in approximately 10 to 20 percent of anaphylactic reactions. The…

Joint aspiration

…Intra articular corticosteroid injection in verified inflammatory or osteoarthritis related joint disease. Contraindications Infection of the skin or soft tissues over the puncture site — use…

Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy

…low platelet counts, followed by compression. Infection in the skin overlying the puncture site. Previous pelvic irradiation on the intended side (yields fibrotic, unrepresentative marrow…

Otoscopy and ear syringing

…otoscopy: a slight change of pressure with the bulb shows whether the tympanic membrane is mobile — an immobile membrane suggests fluid in the middle ear…

ECG in myocardial ischemia: ischemic changes in the ST segment & T-wave

…of the ECG – from heart rhythm to QTc interval – the most prominent and reliable ECG changes occur in the ST segment and the T wave…

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