…cessation of the seizure Assess the recovery of consciousness. Urgent EEG if the patient does not wake or if ongoing electrographic seizure activity is suspected…

…sepsis Suspected or confirmed infection together with new organ dysfunction must raise the suspicion of sepsis. The patient need not have fever, leucocytosis or a…

…device or a pessary. Assessment of prolapse. Sampling for a suspected sexually transmitted infection — although chlamydia and gonorrhoea can be tested on urine or a…

…or respiratory compromise. Diuretic refractory or diuretic intolerant ascites, as recurrent treatment. Contraindications There are in practice no absolute contraindications; suspected spontaneous bacterial peritonitis carries…

…side of the septum already cauterised — bilateral cautery carries a risk of perforation Anterior packing: Suspected base of skull fracture or a significant midfacial or…

…carries one apoB molecule. LDL C, non HDL C and apoB are usually correlated, but discordance may occur when particles differ in cholesterol content or…

…is wrong to assume that hyperactive delirium is always detected, or that hypoactive delirium always carries the worst prognosis in every population. Hypoactive delirium is…

…poisoning with symptoms or a rising serum concentration. Alkalinisation increases renal elimination several fold and at the same time reduces the passage of salicylate into…

…clinical effect. 2. Parenteral thiamine early , preferably before or at the same time as carbohydrate administration. 3. Rapid identification of seizures, delirium tremens, infection, trauma…

…to patients with symptoms. Current guidance supports revascularisation for significant left main stenosis irrespective of symptomatic status or the documented ischaemic burden. In chronic coronary…

…Occlusion Myocardial Infarction (OMI) versus Non Occlusion Myocardial Infarction (NOMI). This method focuses on the presence or absence of ACO, rather than rigid ECG thresholds…

…is severely compromised or absent, leading to rapid brainstem hypoxia. As a result, pupils often dilate widely within 30–120 seconds of cardiac arrest and…

…wishes are properly established. Two things determine the outcome — that the confirmation of death is carried out in a formally unimpeachable way, and that the…

…5. With severe symptoms: give hypertonic saline immediately. Do not wait for a complete work up of the cause or for imaging. 6. Document the…

…is a risk of blood contact. An alcohol or chlorhexidine swab. Let the skin dry completely before inserting the needle — alcohol carried in with the…

…autosomal dominant family, whereas heterozygous carriers of an X linked condition may develop a phenotype later and require delayed or individualized assessment. Disease specific genetic…

…is moderate or near a treatment decision threshold. Failure to account for a high Lp(a) level may lead to substantial underestimation of cardiovascular risk…

…chest discomfort) or other symptoms suggestive of the five conditions listed above. It is important that history taking and physical examination is carried out systematically…

…Note that narrow complex tachyarrhythmia rarely causes circulatory compromise or collapse. Causes of tachycardia (tachyarrhythmia) with wide QRS complexes (QRS duration ≥0,12 s) : ventricular…

…criterion in a column. Clinical deterioration or a poor response to treatment carries more weight than a single apparently reassuring measurement. Finding Moderate attack Acute…

…men 1.0 mmol/L Triglycerides < 1.7 mmol/L 10 carries a risk of pancreatitis Cardiac markers and coagulation Test Reference Comment : : : High…

…after myocardial infarction or before revascularisation. Evaluation of treatment effect in stable angina. Exercise induced arrhythmia or exercise induced syncope. Assessment of chronotropic function and…

…non HDL C primarily reflect cholesterol content. The amount of cholesterol carried by individual particles varies according to particle size and composition. As a result…

…Inclisiran, with or without statin therapy Approximately 50% reduction The absolute reduction depends on the pretreatment LDL C concentration and the accompanying lipid lowering regimen…

…cause of acute chest pain but carries a particularly high mortality when diagnosis is delayed. The typical presentation is sudden onset, severe chest, back or…

…environmental exposures are associated with continued or resumed smoking after the acute event and warrant particular attention. Cardiovascular benefits of cessation The principal benefits relevant…

…hours duration): Due to cellular adaptations, rapid correction carries the risk of inducing osmotic demyelination syndrome (ODS). It is therefore recommended to raise serum sodium…

…may also be referred to as exercise ECG or exercise tolerance test . Because the vast majority of all exercise stress tests in the United States…

…same actions (1 through 3) can be carried out by anyone, including laymen without prior training in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Prompt delivery of chest compressions…

…nature of HCM. By combining these factors, the calculator generates a 5 year SCD risk percentage , which helps clinicians stratify patients into low, intermediate, or…

…been carried out in HFREF (heart failure with reduced ejection fraction) . Thus, our current knowledge of heart failure is virtually synonymous with knowledge of HFREF…

…been carried out in HFREF (heart failure with reduced ejection fraction) . Thus, our current knowledge of heart failure is virtually synonymous with knowledge of HFREF…