…know by heart is that an arterial line must never be confused with a venous access. Indications Continuous blood pressure monitoring in haemodynamic instability or…

…Indications Peripheral venous cannula: Intravenous drug treatment, fluid or blood products. Contrast medium for CT (this requires a large bore cannula in a suitable vein…

…tubing and a collection container. Sample tubes: an EDTA tube for the cell count, a serum tube for albumin, protein and LDH, and two blood…

…and baseline values An arterial blood gas is the reference method when the question concerns oxygenation, precise ventilation or severe respiratory failure. A peripheral venous…

…and preferably confirmation by home measurement or 24 hour recording — the thresholds for which are lower than for office measurement. Classification of office blood pressure…

…it is used : : : Blood grouping ABO and RhD typing. Requires two samples drawn on two separate occasions with a separate identity check each time Always…

…baseline blood pressure is not markedly elevated. These apparent J shaped associations are considered unreliable for guiding treatment because of potential confounding, reverse causality, and…

…are no absolute contraindications. Refrain or adapt in atrial fibrillation with a rapid and irregular ventricular rate (oscillometric measurement becomes unreliable), lymphoedema or a dialysis…

…With titratable intravenous treatment and an unstable course, an arterial line should be considered. The blood pressure must not be dismissed as caused merely by…

…rate response Blood pressure reaction ECG reaction: ST changes, T wave changes, arrhythmias, conduction defects Cause of termination This article will discuss each of these…