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Eletrical alternans: the ECG in pericardial effusion & cardiac tamponade

…of the QRS complexes vary from one beat to another (in the same lead). This is due to the swinging back and forth of the…

Cardiovascular Risk in Inflammatory and Autoimmune Disease

…Rheumatoid arthritis RA is associated with increased carotid intima–media thickness, early plaque formation and coronary microvascular dysfunction. Women with RA were reported to have…

Dix–Hallpike test and Epley manoeuvre

…test and the absence of other neurological findings. The treatment is a repositioning manoeuvre. Indications Brief attacks of vertigo, seconds to a minute or so…

Joint aspiration

…before cleaning the skin. 2. Clean and let it dry. Do not palpate the puncture site again with an unsterile hand. 3. Insert the needle…

Soft tissue corticosteroid injection

…or other infection over the injection site. Bacteraemia or suspected septic bursitis or arthritis. A joint prosthesis in the adjacent joint. Known hypersensitivity to the…

Spirometry

…aside time, coach actively, and do not accept a trace you would not be prepared to show a colleague. Indications Investigation of chronic cough, dyspnoea…

Endotracheal intubation

…6 + weight in kg Always have one size smaller to hand. The cuff is inflated to 20–30 cmH₂O measured with a manometer — a higher…

Leg ulcers — wound debridement and compression therapy

…of other cause As above Severe pain Titrate the pressure up gradually Rheumatoid arthritis with vasculitis Individual assessment Repeat the ABI every three to six…

Cardiovascular Risk in Women: Sex-Specific Factors

…and rheumatoid arthritis, are important risk enhancing conditions and are more prevalent in women. Chronic kidney disease and several other comorbidities also contribute to the…

Mitral valve stenosis

…to radiation therapy Mucopolysaccharidosis Carcinoid tumor Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) Iatrogenic stenosis after mitral valve surgery Myxoma obstructing outflow from the left…

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