…ABI. With a normal or borderline resting ABI but typical claudication, the ankle pressure is measured immediately after treadmill walking or after repeated heel raises…

…and atypical disease Fewer than half of patients with PAD have typical symptoms. Many have impaired walking or a slow gait without describing classic claudication…

…or absent May be palpable despite ischaemia ABI 0.9 < 0.9 Often falsely high Contraindications to compression The ankle brachial index measured with…

…consider referral in: Diabetes with neuropathy or peripheral arterial disease — a risk of osteomyelitis and poor healing. Check the ankle brachial index and the foot…

…waves. The transducer is held with one hand and its position and angle are adjusted to send ultrasound waves through structures to be visualized. Ultrasound…

…cardiac arrest in a pregnant individual, either within or outside the hospital, prompt communication with an obstetrician and neonatologist is critical. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) should…

…the skin with a small amount of lidocaine without adrenaline (epinephrine). 3. Puncture 1–2 cm proximal to the wrist crease at an angle of…

…Secure with an elastic bandage in even turns without tension . 8. Check that the slab ends where it should: the metacarpophalangeal joints must be able…

…mL per 3–5 seconds. 7. Withdraw the needle at the same angle and press with a dry swab. Do not massage. Intramuscular — ventrogluteal The…

…produce demonstrable ischaemia. Functional assessment with pressure or flow measurements, intravascular imaging, or fractional flow reserve derived from computed tomography can refine interpretation. Coronary plaque…