Procedurer Oxygen is a drug and must be prescribed as one: with an indication, a route of administration and a target range for the saturation …

…Pathophysiology Adenosine is an endogenous nucleoside present throughout the body that interacts with G protein coupled A1 receptors located on the extracellular surface of cardiac…

…or any excipient. Active bleeding. Previous intracranial hemorrhage. Severe liver impairment. Concurrent administration of ticagrelor with strong CYP3A4 inhibitors (e.g., ketoconazole, clarithromycin, nefazodone, ritonavir…

…bolus, beginning with 500 ml of normal saline over 5 10 minutes, adjusting based on response. If hypotension persists despite fluid and epinephrine administration, consider…

…doses are given per kilogram with the stated maximum. Always check against the local guideline and the Swedish medicines compendium (FASS) before administration — concentrations and…

…No effect on venous circulation. • May cause reflex sympathetic stimulation (can be counteracted with simultaneous administration of beta blockers). Effects Induces arteriolar vasodilation without effects…

…strategies. The drug is slowly and incompletely absorbed after oral administration, with systemic bioavailability ranging from 25% to 65% and minimal hepatic first pass extraction…

…Management Definition and Clinical Characteristics Torsades de pointes (TdP) represents a multifactorial clinical entity typically associated with drug induced long QT syndrome (DI LQTS) [1]…

…as carbohydrate administration. 3. Rapid identification of seizures, delirium tremens, infection, trauma and metabolic disturbance. 4. Monitoring at the appropriate level of care , with readiness…

…adrenaline never replace intramuscular adrenaline [1,2]. Delayed administration of adrenaline is associated with more severe and more protracted reactions, biphasic courses and fatal outcome…

…repeat treatment until the patient has recovered. 7. Follow up with a meal or with continued glucose administration adapted to the cause. 8. Identify drugs…

…the tube is safe. A misplaced tube in the airway produces no reliable symptoms in a patient with an impaired cough reflex, and the first…

…mmHg for 15 minutes, or a need for a vasopressor), obstructive shock or cardiac arrest with suspected pulmonary embolism. Urgent bedside echocardiography, looking for right…

…immediately and aim for administration within one hour in septic shock, or when sepsis is judged certain or highly likely. With possible sepsis without shock…

…early and generous fluid administration. The benefit of alkalinisation over fluids alone is disputed and practice differs between units. Poisoning with other weak acids where…

…patients with acute heart failure. • Clevidipine can cause reflex tachycardia. • Contraindicated in severe aortic stenosis due to risk of hypotension. Clevidipine doses and administration in…

…recommended in most patients with severe cardiovascular disease or in those who are otherwise haemodynamically unstable. The benefit of its administration in these patients should…

…Contraindications • Contraindicated in pregnancy, severe renal artery stenosis, severe hyperkalemia. • Avoid in acute heart failure and acute myocardial infarction. Enalaprilat doses and administration in hypertension.

…hypertensive emergency, perioperative hypertension). Mechanism of action • Relatively cardioselective (beta 1 receptor blocker) beta blocker with ultra short acting effect. • Half life: 9 minutes. Effects…

…Increased intra ocular pressure in patients with glaucoma. Caution Used cautiously in patients with glaucoma or increased intracranial pressure. Fenoldopam doses and administration in hypertension.

…prior treatment with alpha blockade is necessary before administering labetalol (risk of elevating blood pressure in these settings). Labetalol doses and administration in hypertension (hypertensive…

…cautiously in patients with asthma (due to risk of bronchospasm). • Used cautiously in bradycardia due to negative chronotropic effect. Metoprolol doses and administration in hypertension…

…Edema. Dizziness. Caution Should be used cautiously in patients with myocardial ischemia and/or heart failure. Nicardipine doses and administration in hypertension (hypertensive crisis/emergency).

…Flushing. Palpitations. Tolerance with prolonged use. Methemoglobinemia. Hypoxemia. Caution Proceed with caution in afterload dependent conditions. Nitroglycerin doses and administration in hypertension (hypertensive crisis/emergency).

…Treatment of hypertension associated with pheochromocytoma; treatment of dermal necrosis after extravasation of drugs with á adrenergic effects. Phentolamine doses and administration in hypertension (hypertensive…

…in a monitored clinical setting appropriate for cardioversion. Administration of vernakalant Vernakalant (Brinavess) is administered as an infusion. The infusion is diluted to 4 mg…

…the initial treatment phase, administration is required only twice annually. This may reduce the adherence barriers associated with more frequent injectable therapy, although the clinical…

…shown in Table 1, BLS is an exceptionally effective treatment, with a very low number needed to treat (NNT), indicating high effectiveness. Although BLS is…

…circulatory collapse. Initiate an intravenous bolus of 500 ml crystalloid solution . Assess the esponse and repeat administration as clinically indicated. Measure serum lactate levels . Elevated…

…a genetic mutation in the RYR1 receptor, resulting in persistent muscle contraction upon administration of halogenated anesthetic agents. As an idiosyncratic response to substances such…

…administered simultaneously with milrinone. The drugs can also be given sequentially. Hypotension can be counteracted with simultaneous administration of norepinephrine. All patients with severe acute…

…A significant proportion of cases with pulmonary embolism require thrombolysis to dissolve the occlusion. Administration of thrombolysis requires careful consideration of absolute and relative contraindications…

…Management is governed not by the creatinine value alone but by the course, urine output, volume status, electrolytes, acid base status and the underlying cause…

…The local stroke protocol and immediate contact with the on call stroke consultant or the thrombectomy centre take precedence where there is a discrepancy or…

…in which the patient reaches hospital early. The benefit of both methods falls steeply with the time since ingestion, and both can harm the patient…

…and record an ECG. 2. Confirm the potassium with a repeat sample, but do not delay treatment when there are ECG changes, circulatory compromise or…

…where there is a risk of carbon dioxide retention (COPD, obesity hypoventilation, neuromuscular disease). Both hypoxia and liberal oxygen administration are associated with worse outcomes.

…Immediate management In massive haemorrhage it is rapid control of the bleeding that determines the outcome. Transfusion restores circulating volume, oxygen transport and haemostatic capacity…

…after pituitary surgery or radiotherapy, or with suspected suppression of the HPA axis after long term glucocorticoid treatment. A basal morning cortisol in the grey…

…BMI and cardiovascular outcomes High BMI is associated with several health conditions: Type 2 diabetes Hypertension Coronary artery disease Heart failure Dyslipidemia (including high LDL…

…patients with acute heart failure. • Clevidipine can cause reflex tachycardia. • Contraindicated in severe aortic stenosis due to risk of hypotension. Clevidipine doses and administration in…

Info This page summarises the most current recommendations for the management of acute coronary syndromes with persistent ST segment elevations (i.e STEMI, ST segment…

…not be given to pregnant women. • Should not be given to patients with Leber optic atrophy. Nitroprusside doses and administration in hypertension (hypertensive crisis/emergency).

…established. Limited data are available for children with sickle cell anemia. Method of Administration Route : Oral. Prasugrel can be taken with or without food. Administering…

…pathophysiology Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most frequent supraventricular arrhythmia in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) and is also a common tachyarrhythmia requiring treatment…

…acquire a three dimensional cardiac dataset within approximately 5–15 seconds, with submillimetre spatial resolution. Iodinated contrast is generally required for coronary angiography because the…

…and dyspnea at rest that persists despite administration of diuretics and vasodilators. Clinically, these patients exhibit hypotension—often with a systolic blood pressure less than…

…transmission through the atrioventricular (AV) node, thereby interfering with the pathway that enables reentry tachyarrhythmias (AVNRT and AVRT). These arrhythmias rely on AV node transmission…

…end tidal carbon dioxide level. Continuous ETCO 2 monitoring is possible by means of intubation and ventilation devices equipped with sensors. A normal capnogram is…

…Addison's disease, renal insufficiency, therapeutic interventions with tamoxifen or lithium, thiazide administration, and over supplementation of calcium and vitamin D. ECG in hypercalcemia Typical…

…either within or outside the hospital, prompt communication with an obstetrician and neonatologist is critical. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) should generally adhere to the standard adult…

…Stephen et al.). Figure 1 illustrates the decline in cardiopulmonary function and consciousness with decreasing body temperature. There appears to be a linear relationship between…

…patients with acute heart failure. • Clevidipine can cause reflex tachycardia. • Contraindicated in severe aortic stenosis due to risk of hypotension. Clevidipine doses and administration in…

…are associated with adverse effects such as bronchoconstriction and atrioventricular block. Adenosine is an agonist on A1, A2A, A2B and A3 receptors. Fixed dose administration …

…the tracers is fixed immediately after administration. Radiotracers with higher levels of redistribution can move from areas of higher concentration to regions with lower concentration…

…reperfusion than angiography itself. Studies have shown that angiographic blood flow does not always correlate with myocardial perfusion on the microvascular level. This is presumably…