Chapters Archive – Page 10 of 22 – The Cardiovascular

Myocardial motion during systole and diastole.

Left ventricular diastolic function

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Figure 1. Standardized myocardial segmentation and nomenclature for echocardiography. The left ventricle is divided into 17 segments for 2D echocardiography. One can identify these segments in multiple views.

Left Ventricular Segments for Echocardiography and Cardiac Imaging

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Figure 1A-2C. Orientation of myocardial muscle fibers result in longitudinal, radial and circumferential shortening (contraction).

Strain, strain rate and speckle tracking: Myocardial deformation

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$Figure 1. Calculation of fractional shortening.$

Fractional shortening for estimation of ejection fraction

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Ejection fraction (EF): Physiology, Measurement & Clinical Evaluation

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Left ventricular mass and volume (size)

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Figure 1. Calculation of stroke volume in LVOT.

Assessing left ventricular systolic function

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Figure 1. Left ventricular pressure-volume relationship during a single cardiac cycle.

Ventricular Pressure-Volume Relationship: Preload, Afterload, Stroke Volume, Wall Stress & Frank-Starling’s law

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Figure 1. Layers of the left ventricular wall, pericardium and ventricular cavity.

Myocardial Mechanics: Structure and Function of Myocardial Fibers

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Left Ventricular Function

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