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Assessment of Pacemaker Malfunction

…disturbance caused by other machines/devices. Below follows ECG tracings demonstrating each type of failure. Figure 1. Failure to pace. Figure 2. Failure to sense…

Nasogastric tube

…a previous nasal fracture or unilateral nasal obstruction. 2. Measure the depth of insertion by laying the tube from the tip of the nose to…

Epistaxis — compression, cautery and anterior nasal packing

…Contraindications Cautery: Type Contraindication : : Absolute The source of bleeding cannot be identified Relative A pacemaker or ICD when monopolar electrocautery is used Relative A cochlear…

Urinary catheterisation

…Contraindications Type Condition : : Absolute Suspected urethral injury — blood at the meatus, a perineal or scrotal haematoma, a high riding or impalpable prostate, a pelvic fracture…

Stent Thrombosis: Timing, Causes, Diagnosis, and Prevention

…crush technique, stent fracture or collapse Lesion specific angiographic features Residual dissection at a stent margin, impaired flow into or out of the stent, stent…

Type 2 Myocardial Infarction: Mechanisms and Management

…plaque disruption is not a feature of Type 2 MI. The pathophysiology of Type 2 MI is fundamentally distinct from that of Type 1 MI…

Bempedoic Acid: Evidence and Clinical Use

…daily or an equivalent dose of another statin. Approximately 45% of participants had type 2 diabetes. Over a median follow up of 40.6 months…

Leg ulcers — wound debridement and compression therapy

…Unna boot), or a class 2–3 compression stocking. Tape measure for ankle circumference — this governs the choice of material and bandaging technique. Procedure Assessment…

Type 2 Diabetes and Cardiovascular Risk Management

Cardiology Endocrinology & metabolism Definition and Pathophysiology Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major cardiovascular risk condition. It is associated with a two to four…

Second-degree AV block: Mobitz type 1 (Wenckebach) & Mobitz type 2 block

…find it difficult to differentiate between Mobitz type 1 and Mobitz type 2. A very simple rule of thumb can be applied to do this…

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