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Assessment of Pacemaker Malfunction

…antiarrhythmic drugs, or electromagnetic disturbance caused by other machines/devices. Below follows ECG tracings demonstrating each type of failure. Figure 1. Failure to pace. Figure…

Nasogastric tube

…to return of bowel function without reducing the risk of complications. Contraindications Type Condition : : Absolute Suspected base of skull fracture or a marked midfacial fracture …

Stent Thrombosis: Timing, Causes, Diagnosis, and Prevention

…It is a PCI related myocardial infarction when angiography or autopsy documents thrombosis and the diagnostic criteria used for type 1 myocardial infarction are fulfilled…

Epistaxis — compression, cautery and anterior nasal packing

…Contraindications Cautery: Type Contraindication : : Absolute The source of bleeding cannot be identified Relative A pacemaker or ICD when monopolar electrocautery is used Relative A cochlear…

Urinary catheterisation

…Contraindications Type Condition : : Absolute Suspected urethral injury — blood at the meatus, a perineal or scrotal haematoma, a high riding or impalpable prostate, a pelvic fracture…

Type 2 Myocardial Infarction: Mechanisms and Management

…plaque disruption is not a feature of Type 2 MI. The pathophysiology of Type 2 MI is fundamentally distinct from that of Type 1 MI…

PCSK9 Inhibitors: Indications, Efficacy and Access

…Definition and Pathophysiology Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is a hepatic protein that regulates the availability of the low density lipoprotein receptor (LDL…

Bempedoic Acid: Evidence and Clinical Use

…very long chain acyl CoA synthetase 1. This activating enzyme is not expressed in skeletal muscle, a pharmacological feature that may limit muscle related toxicity…

Leg ulcers — wound debridement and compression therapy

…a class 2–3 compression stocking. Tape measure for ankle circumference — this governs the choice of material and bandaging technique. Procedure Assessment 1. History: duration…

Second-degree AV block: Mobitz type 1 (Wenckebach) & Mobitz type 2 block

…Mobitz type 1 block is characterized by a gradual prolongation of the PR interval over a few heart cycles until an atrial impulse is completely…

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