…conceal sarcopenia), in oedema and ascites, and in people under 18 years of age, where iso BMI or percentile charts should be used. Waist circumference…

…wrist, and tape to secure the hand. Positioning: the wrist extended about 30–45 degrees over the rolled towel, the hand secured with tape. Greater…

…Contraindications Cautery: Type Contraindication : : Absolute The source of bleeding cannot be identified Relative A pacemaker or ICD when monopolar electrocautery is used Relative A cochlear…

…pain. Preparation and equipment Doppler for the ankle brachial index, blood pressure cuff. Lukewarm tap water or saline for cleansing, swabs. Sharp spoon (curette), ring…

Cardiology Endocrinology & metabolism Definition and Pathophysiology Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major cardiovascular risk condition. It is associated with a two to four…

Myocardial ischemia and infarction Definition and Pathophysiology Type 2 myocardial infarction (MI) is defined as an ischaemic myocardial injury occurring in the context of a…

…ischaemia Paraplegia or paraparesis Persistent or recurrent pain Hypertension that remains uncontrolled despite optimal therapy Acute type A dissection has a particularly rapid early mortality…

…Mobitz type 1 block is characterized by a gradual prolongation of the PR interval over a few heart cycles until an atrial impulse is completely…

Visual assessment of regional wall motion (left ventricle) TYPE OF MOTION DEFINITION WALL MOTION SCORE Normal Normal thickening (typically 30% thickening from end diastole to…

Cardiology Clinical chemistry & laboratory medicine Definition and Pathophysiology B type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and N terminal pro BNP (NT proBNP) are circulating markers of myocardial…

The ECG book is a comprehensive e-book, covering all aspects of clinical ECG interpretation, and will take you from cell to bedside.