…drugs, poisoning, withdrawal, surgery or several concurrent factors. A diagnosis of delirium is therefore the beginning of the investigation, not the end. In a frail…

…induce severe hypotension. • Clonidine is not recommended in most patients with severe cardiovascular disease or in those who are otherwise haemodynamically unstable. The benefit of…

…A patient with BPPV is usually relatively free of symptoms between the brief attacks. Lying down, turning over in bed or looking up triggers a…

…disease Verapamil or diltiazem When a beta blocker is contraindicated, for example in asthma Contraindicated in impaired left ventricular function and together with an intravenous…

…not the skin. Aspiration needle (iliac crest or sternal needle with stylet) and a Jamshidi type biopsy needle. Syringes: a small 5–10 mL syringe…

…wave to synchronise to; sync mode would block the shock entirely The patient Awake or sedated — requires sedation Unconscious In polymorphic VT, sync must be…

…heavy sedation, surgery — and cardiac arrest. Contraindications There are no absolute contraindications in the emergency situation. Consider alternatives when: Intubation is not consistent with the…

…Contraindications Absolute: that you cannot see the object, or cannot reach it with the instruments available. Do not then try "by feel" — refer to ENT…

…light sedation with a daily wake up trial shortens the time on the ventilator. See the article on confusion for the management of delirium in…

…in finger dislocation Procedural sedation Propofol, ketamine or a combination. It requires a fasting history, two people, full monitoring and airway preparedness With procedural sedation…