…cognitive disturbance Disorientation, memory impairment, disorganised thinking, language disturbance or perceptual disturbance Organic cause The condition can be linked to illness, drugs, poisoning, withdrawal or…

…induce severe hypotension. • Clonidine is not recommended in most patients with severe cardiovascular disease or in those who are otherwise haemodynamically unstable. The benefit of…

…A patient with BPPV is usually relatively free of symptoms between the brief attacks. Lying down, turning over in bed or looking up triggers a…

…disease Verapamil or diltiazem When a beta blocker is contraindicated, for example in asthma Contraindicated in impaired left ventricular function and together with an intravenous…

…not the skin. Aspiration needle (iliac crest or sternal needle with stylet) and a Jamshidi type biopsy needle. Syringes: a small 5–10 mL syringe…

…by contrast, are no obstacle. Untreated hypokalaemia or marked electrolyte disturbance; correct these first before elective cardioversion. AVNRT and AVRT that respond to adenosine — try…

…heavy sedation, surgery — and cardiac arrest. Contraindications There are no absolute contraindications in the emergency situation. Consider alternatives when: Intubation is not consistent with the…

…Contraindications Absolute: that you cannot see the object, or cannot reach it with the instruments available. Do not then try "by feel" — refer to ENT…

…for delirium every shift BIS (during neuromuscular blockade) 40–60 Targeted light sedation with a daily wake up trial shortens the time on the ventilator…

…in finger dislocation Procedural sedation Propofol, ketamine or a combination. It requires a fasting history, two people, full monitoring and airway preparedness With procedural sedation…