…frail older patient an apparently small insult — sleep deprivation, urinary retention or a new sedative drug, for example — may be enough to precipitate the condition…

…induce severe hypotension. • Clonidine is not recommended in most patients with severe cardiovascular disease or in those who are otherwise haemodynamically unstable. The benefit of…

…A patient with BPPV is usually relatively free of symptoms between the brief attacks. Lying down, turning over in bed or looking up triggers a…

…patients with risk factors. Check what applies in your own region. The time limit is not a guarantee. Where the stroke risk is high or…

…not the skin. Aspiration needle (iliac crest or sternal needle with stylet) and a Jamshidi type biopsy needle. Syringes: a small 5–10 mL syringe…

…wave to synchronise to; sync mode would block the shock entirely The patient Awake or sedated — requires sedation Unconscious In polymorphic VT, sync must be…

…heavy sedation, surgery — and cardiac arrest. Contraindications There are no absolute contraindications in the emergency situation. Consider alternatives when: Intubation is not consistent with the…

…the reaction. The battery must come out immediately, with a hook, forceps or suction, and if that is not possible on the spot, ENT must…

…for delirium every shift BIS (during neuromuscular blockade) 40–60 Targeted light sedation with a daily wake up trial shortens the time on the ventilator…

…in finger dislocation Procedural sedation Propofol, ketamine or a combination. It requires a fasting history, two people, full monitoring and airway preparedness With procedural sedation…