Echocardiography Color Doppler Velocities recorded in a sample volume of the pulsed wave Doppler can be presented with a color. A color scale from blue…

…arrhythmias, conduction defects Cause of termination This article will discuss each of these six parameters in detail. Symptom during exercise stress testing Perceived exertion The…

…with correction doses alone according to the glucose value, without basal insulin (a so called sliding scale), gives poorer control and is not recommended as…

…of water balance. The plasma sodium reflects the ratio between the body's exchangeable sodium and potassium and the total body water. In hypotonic hyponatraemia…

…in genuinely widespread use is left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), measured by echocardiography. Reduced LVEF reliably identifies a high risk group that derives a large…

…occult structural abnormality. IVUS IVUS generates images by transmitting ultrasound from an intracoronary catheter and recording echoes reflected from the vessel wall. Contemporary systems use…

…Currently, opioid overdose stands as a predominant etiological factor for cardiac arrest within this demographic on a global scale. Numerous substances possess the potential to…

…clamp. pH indicator paper with a scale that discriminates within the acidic range — ordinary litmus paper that only shows acid or alkaline is not sufficient…

…of continuing to increase the dose. The level of sedation is scored on a four point scale: 0 fully awake, 1 drowsy but easily roused…

…Remove contaminated clothing and wash the skin after external exposure A low Glasgow Coma Scale is not on its own an absolute indication for intubation…

…to local protocol. Potassium chloride for infusion. Urine dipstick with a pH scale, or urine pH measurement on a blood gas analyser. Blood gas equipment…

…among survivors can be assessed using the qualitative CPC (Cerebral Performance Category) score. The scale is depicted in Table 1. CPC 1 No neurological disability…

…Nausea. Atrioventricular blocks (AV blocks). Orthostatic hypotension. Paresthesias (scalp tingling). Bronchospasm. Caution • Avoided in hypertensive emergencies with left ventricular failure (due to negative inotropic effect)…

…Nausea. Atrioventricular blocks (AV blocks). Orthostatic hypotension. Paresthesias (scalp tingling). Bronchospasm. Caution • Avoided in hypertensive emergencies with acute heart failure. • Used cautiously in patients with…

…a deeper and more controlled freeze on flat surfaces; spray technique is better on irregular surfaces and in the scalp. Complications Complication Frequency and comment : …

…and on the face and scalp — where the blood supply is good and a scar is stigmatising — up to about 24 hours is accepted in…