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Color Doppler

Echocardiography Color Doppler Velocities recorded in a sample volume of the pulsed wave Doppler can be presented with a color. A color scale from blue…

Evaluation of exercise stress test: ECG, symptoms, blood pressure, heart rate, performance

…arrhythmias, conduction defects Cause of termination This article will discuss each of these six parameters in detail. Symptom during exercise stress testing Perceived exertion The…

Inpatient insulin therapy: quick reference

…with correction doses alone according to the glucose value, without basal insulin (a so called sliding scale), gives poorer control and is not recommended as…

Hyponatraemia: quick reference for work-up and correction

…of water balance. The plasma sodium reflects the ratio between the body's exchangeable sodium and potassium and the total body water. In hypotonic hyponatraemia…

A new ECG biomarker for sudden cardiac death

…in genuinely widespread use is left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), measured by echocardiography. Reduced LVEF reliably identifies a high risk group that derives a large…

Intravascular Imaging: IVUS and OCT for PCI Optimisation

…occult structural abnormality. IVUS IVUS generates images by transmitting ultrasound from an intracoronary catheter and recording echoes reflected from the vessel wall. Contemporary systems use…

Cardiac arrest in intoxication (poisoning)

…Currently, opioid overdose stands as a predominant etiological factor for cardiac arrest within this demographic on a global scale. Numerous substances possess the potential to…

Nasogastric tube

…clamp. pH indicator paper with a scale that discriminates within the acidic range — ordinary litmus paper that only shows acid or alkaline is not sufficient…

Opioid therapy in severe pain

…of continuing to increase the dose. The level of sedation is scored on a four point scale: 0 fully awake, 1 drowsy but easily roused…

Poisoning: quick reference for antidotes and initial management

…Remove contaminated clothing and wash the skin after external exposure A low Glasgow Coma Scale is not on its own an absolute indication for intubation…

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