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Nasogastric tube

…Absolute Suspected base of skull fracture or a marked midfacial fracture — the tube can pass through a fracture in the cribriform plate into the cranium…

Eye examination and corneal foreign body

…Grasp the eyelashes, press gently downwards on the upper border of the tarsal plate with a cotton bud, and at the same time fold the…

Leg ulcers — wound debridement and compression therapy

…A reduction in size of 40% within four weeks predicts healing — failure to shrink should prompt reconsideration of the diagnosis. 3. Palpate the pulses and…

Foreign body in the ear and nose

…The urgency varies: Object Urgency : : Button battery Immediately — leakage of fluid causes a chemical burn Two or more magnets (including in different nostrils) Immediately — pressure…

Cardiac arrest due to electrolyte imbalance

…hours duration): Due to cellular adaptations, rapid correction carries the risk of inducing osmotic demyelination syndrome (ODS). It is therefore recommended to raise serum sodium…

Reduction of dislocations

…over the lateral part of the deltoid before and after the reduction , together with the distal pulse and sensation throughout the arm. External rotation (the…

Evaluation of exercise stress test: ECG, symptoms, blood pressure, heart rate, performance

…integrated assessment of six components: Symptoms Exercise performance (functional capacity, exercise capacity) Heart rate: maximal heart rate, heart rate response Blood pressure reaction ECG reaction:…

Vulnerable Plaque and Mechanisms of Acute Coronary Occlusion

…progressive reduction of coronary blood flow sufficient to produce myocardial ischaemia and, when prolonged or severe, myocardial necrosis. It most commonly reflects atherothrombosis: disruption of…

Classification of Acute Coronary Syndromes (ACS) & Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI)

…on the size of the thrombus and the plaque. The patient will experience severe chest pain due to the abrupt reduction of coronary blood flow…

Complications of Coronary Angiography and Vascular Access Management

…ostia. It remains the reference standard for defining the extent of coronary artery disease because it provides anatomical information while permitting functional assessment and, when…

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