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Foreign body in the ear and nose

…canal or the nasal cavity must be removed. The urgency varies: Object Urgency : : Button battery Immediately — leakage of fluid causes a chemical burn Two or…

CPAP and non-invasive ventilation (NIV)

…against hypercapnia SpO₂ 88–92% Hypoxaemic failure without hypercapnia CPAP or high flow nasal oxygen 5–10 cmH₂O According to oxygenation requirement SpO₂ 92–96…

Nasogastric tube

…Relative Oesophageal stricture or a known diverticulum Relative Recent nasal or pharyngeal surgery Signs that should raise the suspicion of a base of skull fracture…

Oxygen therapy

…target — the nasal cannula stays in place for days without anyone asking why, or the patient at risk of carbon dioxide retention is given 15…

🟠 Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic acid)

…risk of fluid retention and impaired kidney function). Patients with bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hay fever, or nasal polyps (increased risk of hypersensitivity…

Cardiac arrest due to electrolyte imbalance

…imbalance Hypercalcemia Definition : P/S Ca 2+ 2.6 mmol/L In approximately 90% of cases, hypercalcemia is attributed to primary hyperparathyroidism or neoplastic etiologies…

Reduction of dislocations

…compromise or skin tenting — reduce promptly, before radiography. The longer a joint remains dislocated, the harder the reduction becomes and the greater the risk of…

Evaluation of exercise stress test: ECG, symptoms, blood pressure, heart rate, performance

…a fairly good estimate of the actual workload. The perceived exertion may be graded from 0 (none) to 10 (maximal exertion) or according to the…

Vulnerable Plaque and Mechanisms of Acute Coronary Occlusion

…conceptual framework Acute coronary occlusion is the abrupt or progressive reduction of coronary blood flow sufficient to produce myocardial ischaemia and, when prolonged or severe…

Classification of Acute Coronary Syndromes (ACS) & Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI)

…or partial, depending on the size of the thrombus and the plaque. The patient will experience severe chest pain due to the abrupt reduction of…

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