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Foreign body in the ear and nose

…A nasal speculum and otoscope specula in several sizes. Alligator forceps, bayonet forceps, an angled hook, a cerumen loop. Suction with Frazier tips of various…

Nasogastric tube

…of polyvinyl chloride for decompression and evacuation; a fine, soft tube (Ch 8–12) of polyurethane or silicone for nutrition, since it causes less mucosal…

Oxygen therapy

…why, or the patient at risk of carbon dioxide retention is given 15 litres on a reservoir mask and drifts off into a respiratory acidosis…

🟠 Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic acid)

…risk of fluid retention and impaired kidney function). Patients with bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hay fever, or nasal polyps (increased risk of hypersensitivity…

CPAP and non-invasive ventilation (NIV)

… nasal masks and total face masks are alternatives in intolerance. A hydrocolloid dressing for the bridge of the nose applied before the mask goes on…

Cardiac arrest due to electrolyte imbalance

…tamoxifen or lithium, thiazide administration, and over supplementation of calcium and vitamin D. ECG in hypercalcemia Typical ECG changes: Shortened QT interval. Attenuated T wave…

Reduction of dislocations

…and usually general anaesthesia. An open dislocation. Inadequate analgesia or sedation — the procedure must not then be started. Radiography before reduction A radiograph is taken…

Evaluation of exercise stress test: ECG, symptoms, blood pressure, heart rate, performance

…intensity of the physical activity. It is based on the subjective physical sensations experienced during exercise, including increased heart rate, increased respiratory rate and depth…

Vulnerable Plaque and Mechanisms of Acute Coronary Occlusion

…progressive reduction of coronary blood flow sufficient to produce myocardial ischaemia and, when prolonged or severe, myocardial necrosis. It most commonly reflects atherothrombosis: disruption of…

Classification of Acute Coronary Syndromes (ACS) & Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI)

…will experience severe chest pain due to the abrupt reduction of coronary blood flow. Acute coronary syndromes are subdivided into STE ACS and NSTE ACS …

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