…function and pacemaker settings. Preoperative functional assessment before major surgery. At a low pre test probability most positive results are false positives; at a high…

…gas or fumes. Preoperative assessment before thoracic or upper abdominal surgery in a patient with known lung disease. Follow up of treatment effect and of…

…focal neurological symptoms. Asymptomatic disease may be discovered during targeted duplex ultrasound (DUS), pre operative assessment, or evaluation of other atherosclerotic disease. Routine population screening…

…and anticipated electrical environment. Preoperative evaluation Establish the nature and function of the device The following should be determined before surgery: Device type: pacemaker, ICD…

…This pre test probability is the clinician’s estimate of the probability that the patient has anatomically obstructive CAD before the result of a new…

…prolonged. Individuals with accessory pathways (Kent's bundle) only display pre excitation on the ECG when impulses are actually conducted over the accessory pathway. In…

…potential for stroke even at blood pressure levels that might otherwise be considered only moderately elevated. The syndrome can produce widespread maternal complications, including pulmonary…

…In the critically ill patient, AF may be pre existing, newly detected for the first time, or newly developed during management of an acute illness…

…P pulmonale: increased P wave amplitude in II and V1. If no P wave is apparent, look for a retrograde (negative) P wave (indicating that…

…pulmonary oedema, myocardial ischaemia or a falling level of consciousness. Unstable monomorphic VT with a pulse. Pre excitation with atrial fibrillation and a very rapid…

…coronary syndrome, acute left ventricular failure with pulmonary oedema, acute aortic syndrome, acute kidney injury, microangiopathic haemolysis, and severe pre eclampsia or eclampsia. The blood…

…calcium channel blocker. Clevidipine is highly selective for vascular smooth muscle cells and has little or no effect on myocardial contractility or conduction. Clevidipine reduces…

Info This drug manual is provided for use in patients with hypertensive emergency (also referred to as hypertensive crisis or malignant hypertension ). Hypertensive emergency is…

…V1. P pulmonale : increased P wave amplitudes in lead II and V1. If P wave not clearly visible: look for retrograde (inverted) P waves, which…

…The electrophysiological mechanism underlying TdP involves prolonged ventricular repolarisation, which allows for the recovery of time dependent inward currents. This process creates early afterdepolarisations (EADs)…

…been used in therapeutic studies of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). The threshold is not absolute: patient phenotype, risk factors for heart failure with preserved ejection…

…pulmonary venous hypertension, and pulmonary congestion. Hemodynamic deterioration is more likely with larger infarcts, anterior infarction, advanced age, delayed or unsuccessful revascularization, and pre existing…

…involvement The anatomical territory, including anterior, inferoposterolateral or right ventricular involvement Pre existing abnormalities such as prior infarction, left bundle branch block, Wolff–Parkinson–White…

…adverse event rates similar to those with placebo, whereas approximately 10% of patients in registries and routine clinical practice report muscle symptoms. This discrepancy reflects…

…and help seeking, pre hospital assessment and transport, diagnostic and treatment delays, and the time required for the selected treatment to restore flow. Early reperfusion…

…Generally, adenosine is considered safe for patients with narrow complex tachycardia (NCT). Adenosine typically causes a short lasting second or third degree AV block which…

…atrial flutter, AVNRT and AVRT (pre excitation, WPW syndrome) being the most common. Atrial fibrillation with onset during hyperthyroidism (thyrotoxicosis), alcohol overdose, thoracic surgery, acute…

…Synonyms for AVNRT Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia Atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachyarrhythmia Atrioventricular nodal reentry tachyarrhythmia Some textbooks use the term "node…

…the smaller the current used. Software settings The pacemaker software includes pre programmed algorithms and settings, which can be tailored to the patient's needs…

…of the following symptoms: Syncope, pre syncope Ventricular tachycardia Ventricular fibrillation Cardiac arrest with or without sudden cardiac death Hence, the Brugada syndrome is a…

…with potential tracheal deviation to the opposite side Distended jugular veins Management Decompression using a venous cannula Can be executed in a pre hospital setting…

…cardiac arrest with a separate category for cardiac etiologies. Cause Definition Medical cause Includes cardiac arrest caused by heart disease, other medical conditions (pulmonary embolism…

Cardiology This drug manual is provided for use in patients with hypertensive emergency (also referred to as hypertensive crisis or malignant hypertension ). Hypertensive emergency is…

…< 90 mmHg caused by the arrhythmia. Ongoing myocardial ischaemia with chest pain and ECG changes. Acute pulmonary oedema. Impaired consciousness. Synchronised cardioversion under sedation…

…with acute organ damage (encephalopathy, pulmonary oedema, aortic dissection, acute renal failure, pre eclampsia) — intravenous treatment with a controlled reduction, as a rule no more…

…to adults in sinus rhythm, recorded at a paper speed of 50 mm/s with 1 mV = 10 mm. At 50 mm/s a…

…from a previously low level can cause organ damage at lower values, for example in pregnancy, acute glomerular disease or scleroderma renal crisis [1,2]…

…a complete one. Contact the urologist or the surgeon on call for urethrography and suprapubic drainage. Preparation and equipment A sterile catheterisation pack, sterile gloves…

…Nandrolone Decanoate NANDROLONE DECANOATE Nandrolone Decanoate NA sp ambiguous Caution is required for patients with cardiac disease Bleomycin BLEOMYCIN BLEOMYCIN SULFATE Heart Damage wp less…

Info This page summarises the most current recommendations for the management of acute coronary syndromes with persistent ST segment elevations (i.e STEMI, ST segment…

…temporal association is present; contrast induced AKI should be reserved for the smaller subgroup in which iodinated contrast is considered causally responsible. This distinction is…

…exercise induced arrhythmias Evaluating the blood pressure response Refining risk stratification and prognosis For patients with low or moderate pre test likelihood of obstructive CAD…

…In patients with HFpEF, acute hypertension is a frequent trigger of decompensation and may produce abrupt pulmonary oedema, sometimes requiring non invasive ventilation or intubation…

…EPS with isoproterenol is also recommended for risk stratification in specific populations, such as asymptomatic patients with pre excitation who have high risk occupations or…

…for patients who are statin intolerant. Possible concurrent initiation of ezetimibe with maximally tolerated statin therapy during ACS hospitalization. European recommendations support intensification of pre…

…imaging (MPI) with single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) or positron emission tomography (PET) is a radionuclide based method for assessing regional myocardial blood flow…

…the specific context of perioperative care in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), progression of right heart failure may indicate the need for inodilator therapy…

…and benefit is observed below the conventional minimum target. Recommended Activity Volume and Intensity For adults, the principal preventive target is: 150–300 minutes per…

…Type II 2nd AV block B: Prolonged QT interval (QTc ≥ 480 ms for females) C: Incomplete Right Bundle Branch Block (rSR' pattern in lead V1…

…disease, pulmonary pressure, or haemodynamics Stress imaging is not recommended in patients undergoing urgent non cardiac surgery or those with an unstable clinical condition. In…

…Right ventricular hypertrophy. Acute cor pulmonale (pulmonary embolism). Chronic cor pulmonale (COPD, pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary valve stenosis). Lateral ventricular infarction. Pre excitation. Switched arm electrodes…

…Right ventricular hypertrophy. Acute cor pulmonale (pulmonary embolism). Chronic cor pulmonale (COPD, pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary valve stenosis). Lateral ventricular infarction. Pre excitation. Switched arm electrodes…

…the interventions available in BLS, the number needed to treat (NNT) for the ACLS specific interventions is much higher or uncertain, meaning that the efficacy…

…holds true for cardiac arrests caused by chronic or acute ischemic heart disease, it is often not true in other circumstances (e.g. pulmonary embolism…

…conditions : Tension pneumothorax Drowning Airway obstruction Hanging Pneumonia High altitude sickness Aspiration Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Bronchospasm (asthma) Other : Coma Central hypoventilation syndromes Neuromuscular…

…Infections are difficult to heal because the heart valves are not vascularized and therefore it is difficult for the immune system to reach the bacteria…

…V1. P pulmonale : increased P wave amplitudes in lead II and V1. If P wave is not clearly visible: look for retrograde (inverted) P waves…

…acute symptoms, ranging from chronic fatigue and exercise intolerance to sudden cardiac arrest. The most common acute symptoms are dizziness (pre syncope), hypotension (chock), syncope…

…Current guideline criteria for ischemic ST segment depression: New horizontal or downsloping ST segment depressions ≥0,5 mm in at least two anatomically contiguous leads…

…interval (<0,12 s) indicates pre excitation (presence of an accessory pathway). This is associated with a delta wave. For further details on the PR…