…function and pacemaker settings. Preoperative functional assessment before major surgery. At a low pre test probability most positive results are false positives; at a high…

…gas or fumes. Preoperative assessment before thoracic or upper abdominal surgery in a patient with known lung disease. Follow up of treatment effect and of…

…focal neurological symptoms. Asymptomatic disease may be discovered during targeted duplex ultrasound (DUS), pre operative assessment, or evaluation of other atherosclerotic disease. Routine population screening…

…and anticipated electrical environment. Preoperative evaluation Establish the nature and function of the device The following should be determined before surgery: Device type: pacemaker, ICD…

…This pre test probability is the clinician’s estimate of the probability that the patient has anatomically obstructive CAD before the result of a new…

…prolonged. Individuals with accessory pathways (Kent's bundle) only display pre excitation on the ECG when impulses are actually conducted over the accessory pathway. In…

…potential for stroke even at blood pressure levels that might otherwise be considered only moderately elevated. The syndrome can produce widespread maternal complications, including pulmonary…

…In the critically ill patient, AF may be pre existing, newly detected for the first time, or newly developed during management of an acute illness…

…P pulmonale: increased P wave amplitude in II and V1. If no P wave is apparent, look for a retrograde (negative) P wave (indicating that…

…pulmonary oedema, myocardial ischaemia or a falling level of consciousness. Unstable monomorphic VT with a pulse. Pre excitation with atrial fibrillation and a very rapid…