…function and pacemaker settings. Preoperative functional assessment before major surgery. At a low pre test probability most positive results are false positives; at a high…

…gas or fumes. Preoperative assessment before thoracic or upper abdominal surgery in a patient with known lung disease. Follow up of treatment effect and of…

…focal neurological symptoms. Asymptomatic disease may be discovered during targeted duplex ultrasound (DUS), pre operative assessment, or evaluation of other atherosclerotic disease. Routine population screening…

…and anticipated electrical environment. Preoperative evaluation Establish the nature and function of the device The following should be determined before surgery: Device type: pacemaker, ICD…

…This pre test probability is the clinician’s estimate of the probability that the patient has anatomically obstructive CAD before the result of a new…

…meaning that pre excitation may not be seen at all times. Figure 1 presents ECG findings during normal atrioventricular impulse transmission as well as ECG…

…potential for stroke even at blood pressure levels that might otherwise be considered only moderately elevated. The syndrome can produce widespread maternal complications, including pulmonary…

…In the critically ill patient, AF may be pre existing, newly detected for the first time, or newly developed during management of an acute illness…

…P pulmonale: increased P wave amplitude in II and V1. If no P wave is apparent, look for a retrograde (negative) P wave (indicating that…

…risk factors; cardioversion between 24 and 48 hours without ongoing anticoagulation is then reserved for patients with a CHA₂DS₂ VA score of 0–1. Check…

…coronary syndrome, acute left ventricular failure with pulmonary oedema, acute aortic syndrome, acute kidney injury, microangiopathic haemolysis, and severe pre eclampsia or eclampsia. The blood…

…calcium channel blocker. Clevidipine is highly selective for vascular smooth muscle cells and has little or no effect on myocardial contractility or conduction. Clevidipine reduces…

Info This drug manual is provided for use in patients with hypertensive emergency (also referred to as hypertensive crisis or malignant hypertension ). Hypertensive emergency is…

…V1. P pulmonale : increased P wave amplitudes in lead II and V1. If P wave not clearly visible: look for retrograde (inverted) P waves, which…

…The electrophysiological mechanism underlying TdP involves prolonged ventricular repolarisation, which allows for the recovery of time dependent inward currents. This process creates early afterdepolarisations (EADs)…

…Clinical classification The clinical classification comprises five groups: Group 1: Pulmonary arterial hypertension Group 2: PH due to left heart disease Group 3: PH due…

…pulmonary venous hypertension, and pulmonary congestion. Hemodynamic deterioration is more likely with larger infarcts, anterior infarction, advanced age, delayed or unsuccessful revascularization, and pre existing…

…involvement The anatomical territory, including anterior, inferoposterolateral or right ventricular involvement Pre existing abnormalities such as prior infarction, left bundle branch block, Wolff–Parkinson–White…

…the nocebo effect : negative expectations, contextual cues and attribution of pre existing symptoms to the medication. No single diagnostic test can distinguish a pharmacological SAMS…

…and help seeking, pre hospital assessment and transport, diagnostic and treatment delays, and the time required for the selected treatment to restore flow. Early reperfusion…

…Generally, adenosine is considered safe for patients with narrow complex tachycardia (NCT). Adenosine typically causes a short lasting second or third degree AV block which…

…atrial flutter, AVNRT and AVRT (pre excitation, WPW syndrome) being the most common. Atrial fibrillation with onset during hyperthyroidism (thyrotoxicosis), alcohol overdose, thoracic surgery, acute…

…Synonyms for AVNRT Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia Atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachyarrhythmia Atrioventricular nodal reentry tachyarrhythmia Some textbooks use the term "node…

…while minimizing battery consumption. Amplitudes are normally below 1.5 V and pulse duration (width) is usually set to 0.5 ms. The relationship between…

…of the following symptoms: Syncope, pre syncope Ventricular tachycardia Ventricular fibrillation Cardiac arrest with or without sudden cardiac death Hence, the Brugada syndrome is a…

…with potential tracheal deviation to the opposite side Distended jugular veins Management Decompression using a venous cannula Can be executed in a pre hospital setting…

…al. ). Figure 1 presents data from the Swedish Cardiac Arrest Registry, which has recorded causes of cardiac arrest with a separate category for cardiac etiologies…

Cardiology This drug manual is provided for use in patients with hypertensive emergency (also referred to as hypertensive crisis or malignant hypertension ). Hypertensive emergency is…

…Cardioversion without preceding anticoagulation is reserved for CHA₂DS₂ VA 0–1 48 hours or unknown duration An anticoagulant for at least 3 weeks before cardioversion…

…with acute organ damage (encephalopathy, pulmonary oedema, aortic dissection, acute renal failure, pre eclampsia) — intravenous treatment with a controlled reduction, as a rule no more…

…Pre excitation: PR < 120 ms with a delta wave and QRS 110 ms. Brugada pattern type 1: ST elevation ≥ 2 mm of coved type…

…cause organ damage at lower values, for example in pregnancy, acute glomerular disease or scleroderma renal crisis [1,2]. A hypertensive emergency means a markedly…

…a complete one. Contact the urologist or the surgeon on call for urethrography and suprapubic drainage. Preparation and equipment A sterile catheterisation pack, sterile gloves…

…Nandrolone Decanoate NANDROLONE DECANOATE Nandrolone Decanoate NA sp ambiguous Caution is required for patients with cardiac disease Bleomycin BLEOMYCIN BLEOMYCIN SULFATE Heart Damage wp less…

…current recommendations for the management of acute coronary syndromes with persistent ST segment elevations (i.e STEMI, ST segment elevation acute myocardial infarction). 1 Initial…

…and resolution within about 1 week in the usual course. Severe AKI requiring dialysis is uncommon except in the presence of substantial pre existing CKD…

…exercise induced arrhythmias Evaluating the blood pressure response Refining risk stratification and prognosis For patients with low or moderate pre test likelihood of obstructive CAD…

…In patients with HFpEF, acute hypertension is a frequent trigger of decompensation and may produce abrupt pulmonary oedema, sometimes requiring non invasive ventilation or intubation…

…EPS with isoproterenol is also recommended for risk stratification in specific populations, such as asymptomatic patients with pre excitation who have high risk occupations or…

…agent when LDL C is 55–69 mg/dL (≥1.4 to <1.8 mmol/L). Non statin treatment for patients who are statin intolerant…

…imaging (MPI) with single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) or positron emission tomography (PET) is a radionuclide based method for assessing regional myocardial blood flow…

…the specific context of perioperative care in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), progression of right heart failure may indicate the need for inodilator therapy…

…and benefit is observed below the conventional minimum target. Recommended Activity Volume and Intensity For adults, the principal preventive target is: 150–300 minutes per…

…Brugada Type 1 pattern B: Profound sinus bradycardia (<30 beats/min or sinus pauses ≥3s) C: Increased QRS voltage (isolated QRS voltage criteria for left…

…disease, pulmonary pressure, or haemodynamics Stress imaging is not recommended in patients undergoing urgent non cardiac surgery or those with an unstable clinical condition. In…

…Right ventricular hypertrophy. Acute cor pulmonale (pulmonary embolism). Chronic cor pulmonale (COPD, pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary valve stenosis). Lateral ventricular infarction. Pre excitation. Switched arm electrodes…

…Right ventricular hypertrophy. Acute cor pulmonale (pulmonary embolism). Chronic cor pulmonale (COPD, pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary valve stenosis). Lateral ventricular infarction. Pre excitation. Switched arm electrodes…

…et al Echocardiography ACLS No benefit Panchal et al Table 1. The number needed to treat (NNT) for interventions in out of hospital cardiac arrest…

…holds true for cardiac arrests caused by chronic or acute ischemic heart disease, it is often not true in other circumstances (e.g. pulmonary embolism…

…1 ). Table 1. Asphyxi Hanging ning Case Traumas Drowning Road accident Drug overdose/drugs Number of individuals (n=2670) (n=1999) (n=1300 1062) (n=1062) (n=765) (n=187) Pre…

…criteria for diagnosing endocarditis. Traditionally, it has been considered that endocarditis can be diagnosed if at least two criteria exist. Figure 1. Flow chart for…

…V1. P pulmonale : increased P wave amplitudes in lead II and V1. If P wave is not clearly visible: look for retrograde (inverted) P waves…

…breathing, circulation, disability, exposure (ABCDE) approach is applicable in bradycardia (Figure 1). Cardiac output and blood pressure, rather than ECG, are the strongest predictors of…

…Refer to Figure 1 . Figure 1. Characteristics of ischemic ST segment depressions on ECG. Current guideline criteria for ischemic ST segment depression: New horizontal or…

…interval (<0,12 s) indicates pre excitation (presence of an accessory pathway). This is associated with a delta wave. For further details on the PR…