…function and pacemaker settings. Preoperative functional assessment before major surgery. At a low pre test probability most positive results are false positives; at a high…

…gas or fumes. Preoperative assessment before thoracic or upper abdominal surgery in a patient with known lung disease. Follow up of treatment effect and of…

…focal neurological symptoms. Asymptomatic disease may be discovered during targeted duplex ultrasound (DUS), pre operative assessment, or evaluation of other atherosclerotic disease. Routine population screening…

…and anticipated electrical environment. Preoperative evaluation Establish the nature and function of the device The following should be determined before surgery: Device type: pacemaker, ICD…

…This pre test probability is the clinician’s estimate of the probability that the patient has anatomically obstructive CAD before the result of a new…

…meaning that pre excitation may not be seen at all times. Figure 1 presents ECG findings during normal atrioventricular impulse transmission as well as ECG…

…potential for stroke even at blood pressure levels that might otherwise be considered only moderately elevated. The syndrome can produce widespread maternal complications, including pulmonary…

…In the critically ill patient, AF may be pre existing, newly detected for the first time, or newly developed during management of an acute illness…

…P pulmonale: increased P wave amplitude in II and V1. If no P wave is apparent, look for a retrograde (negative) P wave (indicating that…

…risk factors; cardioversion between 24 and 48 hours without ongoing anticoagulation is then reserved for patients with a CHA₂DS₂ VA score of 0–1. Check…