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Joint aspiration

…osteoarthritis related joint disease. Contraindications Infection of the skin or soft tissues over the puncture site — use another approach or refrain. Bacteraemia without suspicion of…

Nasogastric tube

…evacuation; a fine, soft tube (Ch 8–12) of polyurethane or silicone for nutrition, since it causes less mucosal irritation with longer term use. A…

Foreign body in the ear and nose

…or inflammation around the object. A small, smooth or transparent object lying posteriorly or superiorly. Attempts already made and failed elsewhere. A child who cannot…

Posterior acute myocardial infarction (STEMI)

Myocardial ischemia and infarction ECG Posterior (posterolateral) acute myocardial infarction (STEMI) The heart is rotated 30° to the left in the thorax. This positions the…

Posterior Myocardial Infarction: Diagnosis on the Standard ECG

…ischaemia may still require urgent reperfusion assessment. Posterior myocardial infarction may be electrically subtle on the initial standard ECG. A nondiagnostic tracing therefore does not…

Fascicular block (hemiblock): Left anterior & left posterior fascicular block

Conduction defects ECG Fascicular block (hemiblock): left anterior fascicular block & left posterior fascicular block Fascicular blocks were previously referred to as hemiblocks, but the latter…

Tricuspid regurgitation (TR/TI)

…the right atrium. It normally consists of three leaflets (anterior, posterior and septal leaflet). The leaflets are attached to the subvalvular apparatus, consisting of the…

Mitral valve stenosis

…with annulus fibrosus (the fibrous ring). The mitral valve has an anterior leaflet and a posterior leaflet . The anterior leaflet has a semi circular shape…

Acute vertigo: quick reference for HINTS and differential diagnosis

…commonly called vestibular neuritis, but posterior circulation stroke is the most important dangerous differential diagnosis. Clear focal neurological findings are absent in roughly half of…

Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy

…prominence that is the posterior superior iliac spine. Mark it. 3. Clean the skin and apply the drape. Anaesthetise skin, subcutaneous tissue and then the…

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