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Transcutaneous and transvenous pacing

…Bradyasystole during and after cardiac arrest with persisting electrical activity. Overdrive pacing in bradycardia dependent torsades de pointes. Standby pacing — pads applied but the device…

Ejection fraction (EF): Physiology, Measurement & Clinical Evaluation

…is highly dependent on preload and afterload. A rapid increase in preload (e.g by increasing venous return to the heart in supine position) leads…

Peripheral Artery Disease: Diagnosis, Ankle–Brachial Index and Risk Management

…Pain that is worse at night or when the limb is horizontal. Improvement when the leg is placed in a dependent position. With advanced disease…

Ivabradine: Indications, Dosing and Heart-Rate Targets

…By inhibiting the intracellular portion of its transmembrane pore, ivabradine reduces the slope of diastolic depolarisation and produces a dose dependent reduction in sinus rate…

Performing Echocardiographic Examinations

…examinations In small children, it is possible to perform the entire transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) with the child in the supine position. This is possible due…

Capnography (end-tidal carbon dioxide measurement, ETCO2) during cardiac arrest

…in: Assessing ventilation quality. Determining ventilation rate. Verifying the position of the tracheal tube. Evaluating the efficacy of chest compressions. Identifying return of spontaneous circulation…

Gynaecological examination and cervical smear

…as a triage test on the same liquid based sample when the HPV test is positive — the sample therefore does not need to be repeated…

Advanced cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) - Advanced cardiovascular life support (ACLS)

…is performed by paramedics, nurses or physicians, depending on the design of the pre hospital system. ACLS involves placing an advanced airway, defibrillating shockable rhythms…

Basic Life Support (BLS) in cardiac arrest

…if it is safe for the rescuer, victim and bystanders. Relocate to a safe position if required. 2. Confirm cardiac arrest In case of a…

Pericardial Effusion & Cardiac tamponade

…heart is fixed to the larger vessels and diaphragm, which stabilizes the position of the heart. The parietal layer limits the volume filling of the…

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