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Liver parameters

…A markedly raised GGT with the other tests normal is most often enzyme induction by alcohol or drugs and is often of no clinical significance…

Transcutaneous and transvenous pacing

…of the chest muscles and spikes on the screen mean nothing. Capture is verified only when every pacing spike is followed by a wide QRS…

Delirium in older adults: quick reference

…syndrome and a clinical diagnosis, often described as acute brain failure. It is precipitated by somatic illness, drugs, poisoning, withdrawal, surgery or several concurrent factors…

Oxygen therapy

…gas, not by the diagnosis alone. Indications Hypoxaemia: a saturation below the target range, or a PaO2 below 8 kPa on an arterial blood gas…

Urinary alkalinisation

…is disputed and practice differs between units. Poisoning with other weak acids where the poison control centre recommends it, for example certain phenoxy acid herbicides…

Hyponatraemia: quick reference for work-up and correction

…breathing and circulation. 2. Assess the neurological symptoms and at the same time exclude other acute causes, for example hypoglycaemia, poisoning, stroke, meningitis and a…

Gastric lavage and activated charcoal

…treatment of poisoning. Charcoal also does not bind every poison. With the following substances charcoal is ineffective and management is instead governed by the antidote…

Poisoning: quick reference for antidotes and initial management

…be used on its own to declare the patient well. Clinical findings, the ECG and targeted concentration measurements carry more weight. Where serious poisoning is…

Cardiac arrest in intoxication (poisoning)

CPR Poisoning and drug toxicity In adolescents and young adults, intoxication events leading to cardiac arrest are notably prevalent, primarily due to the misuse of…

Nasogastric tube

…safely, for example after a stroke. Sampling of gastric contents and evacuation in poisoning (see the separate text on gastric lavage). The tube is not…

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