…ladder below follow the Swedish local sequence given in the original article. International guidelines and studies support the same principles, but local choices of drug…

…longer term use. A water soluble lubricant, preferably with a local anaesthetic, and a decongestant nasal spray if the nasal passage is narrow. A 50…

…poison control centre is the authoritative local source for the current indication, dosing, sampling and duration of treatment. International guidelines must be adapted to the…

…your local emergency number. Contact the nearest intensive care unit with expertise in toxicological emergencies. Antidote Administer the specific antidote promptly upon suspicion of poisoning…

Procedurer Alkalinising the urine increases the excretion of weak acids by keeping them in a charged form in the tubular fluid, where they cannot be…

…the stated maximum. Always check against the local guideline and the Swedish medicines compendium (FASS) before administration — concentrations and formulations differ between units, and most…

…to local practice, and does not replace pacing when the patient is markedly unstable. Transcutaneous pacing Equipment A defibrillator with a pacing function and self…

…syndrome and a clinical diagnosis, often described as acute brain failure. It is precipitated by somatic illness, drugs, poisoning, withdrawal, surgery or several concurrent factors…

…serious poisonings in which the patient reaches hospital early. The benefit of both methods falls steeply with the time since ingestion, and both can harm…

…upper limit of normal: paracetamol poisoning, ischaemic hepatitis ("shock liver") or acute viral hepatitis. The three are distinguished by the history and the speed of…