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Reduction of dislocations

…so because the patient tenses up with pain, or because the operator pulls harder rather than more slowly. The neurovascular status must be documented before…

Acute Limb Ischaemia: Recognition and Urgent Management

…develop rapidly, often within an hour of arterial occlusion. The classic clinical constellation is remembered as the “six Ps”: Pain Paresthesia Pallor Pulselessness Poikilothermia, or…

Edrophonium test

…1. Check the indication and contraindications, attach ECG monitoring and insert a venous cannula. 2. Document the baseline status of the chosen finding — measurement, photograph…

Electrical cardioversion

…mode no shock at all is then delivered while the patient deteriorates. Indications Emergency, irrespective of duration and anticoagulation status: Tachyarrhythmia with haemodynamic compromise: hypotension…

Left Main Coronary Artery Disease: Revascularisation Strategy

…are not restricted to patients with symptoms. Current guidance supports revascularisation for significant left main stenosis irrespective of symptomatic status or the documented ischaemic burden…

Cardiovascular Risk Assessment with SCORE2 and SCORE2-OP

…cardiovascular risk varies considerably according to age and the presence of concomitant risk factors. In contrast, patients with confirmed hypertension generally require BP lowering treatment…

Status epilepticus: quick reference for emergency treatment

…before the first dose of benzodiazepine is given. Airway, breathing and circulation Perform an ABCDE assessment and document the time of seizure onset, or the…

Casting and immobilisation

…and more heat production — a risk of burns Document the distal neurovascular status before casting : sensation, motor function, pulses and capillary refill. Check the skin…

Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and Holter ECG

…if the diary states when the patient fell asleep and got up. Holter ECG and longer rhythm monitoring Indications Palpitations, presyncope or syncope of suspected…

Atrial Fibrillation in the Critically Ill Patient

…the critically ill patient, AF may be pre existing, newly detected for the first time, or newly developed during management of an acute illness. The…

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