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Gynaecological examination and cervical smear

…patient does not consent — the examination must then not be carried out. Vaginismus or marked anxiety — plan for extra time, a smaller speculum, possibly a…

Type 2 Diabetes and Cardiovascular Risk Management

…cardiovascular disease, including PAD Conversely, patients with CVD should be screened systematically for diabetes because undiagnosed T2DM is common and has major therapeutic and prognosti

A new ECG biomarker for sudden cardiac death

…et al 1 ). Representative single beat morphs for a low risk patient (blue) and the corresponding high risk morph (red). Beyond the difference in R…

Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy

…marrow — choose the other side). A patient who cannot lie still — plan for sedation rather than abandoning the procedure. Choice of site The posterior superior…

Transcutaneous and transvenous pacing

…patient — the device senses the rhythm through the cable, not through the pads. A pulse oximeter, a blood pressure cuff, and an arterial line for…

Blood transfusion and massive haemorrhage

…If the screen is negative, a unit is selected electronically against the blood group Standard for planned transfusion in a patient without irregular red cell…

Exercise stress testing in special patient populations

…Moreover, early exercise tests should not be maximal, which means that the clinician must set a lower goal regarding workload (e.g. reaching 70% of…

Atrial Fibrillation in the Critically Ill Patient

…also a common tachyarrhythmia requiring treatment in decompensated heart failure (DHF). In the critically ill patient, AF may be pre existing, newly detected for the…

Poisoning: quick reference for antidotes and initial management

Akutsjukvård Lathundar Basic principle Manage the patient, not the list of poisons. Stabilisation according to ABCDE, the plasma glucose, a blood gas and an ECG…

Paracentesis

Procedurer The commonest error in paracentesis is not performing it. Every patient admitted with ascites should undergo a diagnostic paracentesis , because spontaneous bacterial peritonitis often…

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