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Joint aspiration

…after trauma. A symptomatic effusion causing pain or restricted movement (therapeutic aspiration). Intra articular corticosteroid injection in verified inflammatory or osteoarthritis related joint disease. Contraindications…

Transcutaneous and transvenous pacing

Procedurer Transcutaneous pacing takes seconds to start and can keep a patient alive until a transvenous lead is in place — but only if it is…

Eye examination and corneal foreign body

…s sign. A foreign body centrally in the visual axis requiring an operating microscope. Relative: A patient who cannot keep the gaze still. A deeply…

Corticosteroids: quick reference for dose equivalents and stress dosing

…life produces more marked suppression. Stress dosing in known adrenal insufficiency A patient with primary adrenal insufficiency (Addison's disease), secondary adrenal insufficiency or long…

Dix–Hallpike test and Epley manoeuvre

…test will in all probability provoke intense but short lived vertigo, and that this is precisely the point. Ask the patient to keep the eyes…

Opioids in acute pain: quick reference for dosing and conversion

…opioid at the same time. Opioids in abdominal pain of unclear cause do not delay the diagnosis and should be given, but document the examination…

Chest Pain in the Emergency Department: Diagnostic Pathways

…with presumed non ischaemic chest pain were subsequently found to have had an infarction. Pathophysiological Considerations The central pathophysiological concern in the emergency department is…

Opioid therapy in severe pain

…small adjustments impossible. Procedure Intravenous titration in acute severe pain Practical points during titration: Give the injection slowly over at least a minute; a rapid…

Clinical application of ECG in chest pain & acute myocardial infarction

ECG Myocardial ischemia and infarction Use of ECG in acute coronary syndromes & chest pain patients An ECG must be performed on all patients seeking medical…

Drugs in the emergency setting

…therapy and Opioid therapy in severe pain. Cardiac arrest Drug Adult Child : : : Adrenaline 1 mg IV/IO every 3–5 min. In asystole and PEA…

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