…Left bundle branch block (LBBB) in acute myocardial infarction (AMI): clinical implications & Sgarbossa criteria Contrary to right bundle branch block, left bundle branch block is…

…accompanied by a right bundle branch block), while 3% progress to third degree AV block (complete heart block). Noteworthy about left anterior fascicular block (LAFB…

…discharged and whether there is a concomitant bundle branch block. Escape rhythms with narrow QRS complexes indicate that the block and the ectopic focus (which…

Cardiology Introduction Since its initial description in 1992 as a syndrome of right bundle branch block, ST segment elevation, and sudden cardiac death (SCD), Brugada…

…exists if the ECG displays a widened QRS appearance that is neither a left bundle branch block (LBBB) nor a right bundle branch block (RBBB)…

…including anterior, inferoposterolateral or right ventricular involvement Pre existing abnormalities such as prior infarction, left bundle branch block, Wolff–Parkinson–White patterns or ventricular pacing…

…in the right ventricle and spreads slowly to the left ventricle. As mentioned above, this is similar to the situation in left bundle branch block …

…elevations that are not caused by ischemia and a significant proportion have ST T changes caused by other pathological conditions (such as bundle branch blocks)…

…2. Sinus bradycardia, two premature ventricular contractions, incomplete right bundle branch block and ST segment depressions in V2 V6. Click to zoom. Figure 3. Sinus…

…right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH), left bundle branch block (LBBB), right bundle branch block (RBBB) and pre excitation Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) , right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH…

…12 seconds), provided that other causes of right axis deviation have been excluded. Causes of left axis deviation Left bundle branch block. Left ventricular hypertrophy…

…12 seconds), provided that other causes of right axis deviation have been excluded. Causes of left axis deviation Left bundle branch block. Left ventricular hypertrophy…

…dyspnea (10%). The major ECG findings in ARVC are T wave inversion in V1–V3 (in the absence of right bundle branch block); virtually all…

…the left bundle branch and therefore depolarization proceeds from its left side towards its right side. The vector is directed forward and to the right…

…or other ECG changes (see below) should lead to a suspicion of ARVC. The gradual loss of myocardium leads to ventricular dilation and right heart…

…or other examinations suggest left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), one should suspect concomitant right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) if the following ECG criteria are presented: Right axis…

…PE) is classified according to haemodynamic status, clinical severity, evidence of right ventricular (RV) dysfunction, and myocardial injury. This classification is central to determining the…

…which is standard in the US and many other countries, a 2:1 block will be difficult to discern because the flutter wave may fuse…

…drugs . The diagnosis rests on the history, a positive Dix–Hallpike test and the absence of other neurological findings. The treatment is a repositioning manoeuvre…

…which needle is chosen, and that the tubes go to the right place. In suspected bacterial meningitis it is the time to antibiotics that saves…

…pulsus paradoxus Contraindications In overt tamponade with shock there are no absolute contraindications other than the conditions in which the procedure is the wrong treatment …

…associations include: Idiopathic or viral pericarditis Malignant pericardial disease Tuberculosis Purulent or bacterial pericarditis Trauma Cardiac surgery and other iatrogenic cardiovascular procedures Acute aortic disease…

…faintness, and other symptoms may occur without chest pain and should be considered anginal equivalents. The emergency evaluation of non traumatic chest discomfort is structured…

…Pericardial disease, including constriction Right ventricular dysfunction caused by pulmonary embolism Infiltrative cardiomyopathies, particularly cardiac amyloidosis Sepsis and other hyperdynamic states In cardiac amyloidosis, BNP…

…Other causes include acute mechanical complications—particularly ventricular septal defect (VSD) and papillary muscle rupture with acute severe mitral regurgitation—predominant right ventricular (RV) infarction…

…one side to the other, as illustrated in Figure 2. The sequence of activation goes from right to left and then from left to right…

…have atherosclerotic heart disease (coronary artery disease) as the underlying cause. Other common causes are cardiomyopathy (hypertrophic or dilated), arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy, Brugada syndrome…

…incompatible infusions. Haemodialysis, plasmapheresis or other extracorporeal therapy (requires a large bore dialysis catheter, not an ordinary triple lumen catheter). Measurement of central venous pressure…

…women ≥ 1.5 mm Other leads ≥ 1.0 mm V7–V9 (posterior) ≥ 0.5 mm V3R–V4R (right ventricle) ≥ 0.5 mm (≥ 1.0 mm…

…a sufficient effect. Contraindications Absolute: Cellulitis, a skin wound or other infection over the injection site. Bacteraemia or suspected septic bursitis or arthritis. A joint…

…and up to 5–75% of CT series; other angiographic descriptions report rates of approximately 5–10%, while fewer than 5% of otherwise normal angiograms…

…does not display ST segment elevations during posterior (posterolateral) transmural ischemia. On the other hand, leads V1–V3 (occasionally V4) may detect the injury currents…

…table below shows a systematic history taking in patients presenting with chest pain (chest discomfort) or other symptoms suggestive of the five conditions listed above…

…on the coronary arteries. The tumors can be asymptomatic for a long time and be detected randomly when investigating other conditions. More dramatic onset of…

…15), and the left posterolateral branch (LPLB, 18). (B) Corresponding CT schematic with coronary artery origins from the right coronary cusp (RCC), left coronary cusp…

…Fortunately, most children (even the youngest) can be distracted by a parent or other personnel. Distracting the child during ECG recording may be recommended to…

…morphine, diuretics), high degree AV block, tricuspid regurgitation, cardiogenic shock, right ventricular free wall rupture and cardiac tamponade. The most common of these are hypotension…

…to measuring ventricular dimensions, trabeculae and papillary muscles are considered part of the left ventricular cavity. Other dimensions– including atrial dimensions, mitral annulus, aortic annulus…

…fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia, and other tachyarrhythmias with discernible QRS complexes. Shockable rhythm : Tachyarrhythmias that can be treated with defibrillation (ventricular fibrillation) or cardioversion (ventricular tachycardia)…

…the limb leads in their anatomically contiguous manner; that is, from left superior basal to right inferior. In other words, the following order: aVL, I…

…cardiomyopathy (dilated cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy), valvular disease . Less common causes are arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy/dysplasia (ARVC/ARVD), Brugada syndrome , long QT syndrome , sarcoidosis …

…that mimics angina pectoris [5]. This pain is thought to result from right ventricular ischemia that develops during physical exertion [5]. Associated Findings: Exertional dyspnea…

…wave, it is still referred to as a QRS complex . In other words, if ventricular depolarization only generates a Q wave and an R wave…

…is surrounded by fluid (black) and swings back and forth in the fluid. One can also note that the right ventricular free wall is being…

…the flow over the tricuspid valve, the diameter and VTI are measured in the RVOT (Right Ventricular Outflow Tract). The measurements are made at the…

…encounter a new medium, some sound waves will be reflected while others will transfer the mechanical (pressure) energy to the new medium, which may also…

…the R wave and/or notch in the descending limb of the S wave In case of complete/incomplete bundle branch block or pacemaker rhythm…

…Akutsjukvård Lathundar Key messages Two things set the COPD exacerbation apart from many other causes of acute dyspnoea: oxygen must be titrated cautiously and the…

…administration, warnings, precautions, and other relevant information for the drug Ticagrelor . Table 1 Summary Indications Ticagrelor, in combination with acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), is indicated for…

…Familial and genetic screening in cardiovascular medicine is the systematic assessment of relatives and other individuals who may carry an inherited predisposition to cardiovascular disease…

…C) is the principal therapeutic target in lipid management because LDL and other apolipoprotein B containing lipoproteins play a causal role in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease…

…and infarction Myocardial ischemia: cellular changes, ECG signs and development of infarction Like all other cells in the human body, cardiac myocytes use ATP (adenosine…

…dangerous differential diagnoses [1,2]. STEMI and other ECG patterns suggesting acute coronary occlusion are time dependent conditions. The decision on immediate reperfusion is based…

…Interactions Pharmacodynamic interactions Anticoagulants, thrombolytics, or other platelet aggregation inhibitors: Salicylates inhibit platelet function and enhance the effect of anticoagulants, increasing bleeding risk. Monitor coagulation…

…cardiovascular death, and progression of atherosclerotic disease in patients with established coronary or other atherosclerotic vascular disease. Antiplatelet therapy is a central component because platelet…

…containing lipoproteins, including: LDL Intermediate density lipoprotein (IDL) Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] Very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) Chylomicrons and other triglyceride rich particles Thus, non…

…only one pathway of platelet activation, its antiplatelet effect is relatively limited compared with agents that inhibit other platelet pathways. The distinction between primary and…

…peripheral artery disease (PAD), and other manifestations of systemic atherosclerosis. The principal clinical concern is cerebral embolism or haemodynamic compromise leading to transient ischaemic attack…

…Study, which demonstrated that high blood pressure and high cholesterol levels, among other risk factors, were strongly associated with coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction…

…syndrome (ACS), DAPT is used to reduce recurrent myocardial infarction, stent thrombosis and other ischemic events after coronary angiography, percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), or medical…