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Dix–Hallpike test and Epley manoeuvre

…A single central feature is enough to proceed with urgent investigation , and a normal CT of the brain does not exclude an infarction in the…

Left Ventricular Segments for Echocardiography and Cardiac Imaging

…developed rapidly in the past few decades. The repertoire of available methods includes echocardiography, cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR), cardiac computed tomography (CT), single photon emission…

Acute Pulmonary Embolism: Risk Stratification and Reperfusion

…singly or in combination. Syncope is particularly important as a marker of potentially severe disease. The presence of haemodynamic instability places the patient in the…

Ezetimibe: Place in Therapy and Expected LDL-C Reduction

…necessarily require the larger effect of a PCSK9 inhibitor. Place in lipid lowering therapy General treatment sequence High intensity statin therapy remains the foundation of…

Pediatric aspects of ECG leads & anatomy

…ECGs in pediatric patients is slightly different from adults, due to obvious anatomical differences. There are, however, no differences regarding the ECG grid. As in…

Transcutaneous and transvenous pacing

…lead is in place — but only if it is working, and the commonest source of error is believing that it is. Twitching of the chest…

LDL Cholesterol Targets Across Cardiovascular Risk Categories

…a therapeutic objective. LDL C as the primary treatment target Current lipid management frameworks place LDL C at the centre of treatment. Lifestyle intervention is…

Lumbar puncture

…how the patient is positioned, which needle is chosen, and that the tubes go to the right place. In suspected bacterial meningitis it is the…

Oxygen therapy

…washes nitrogen out of the pleural air and speeds resorption. Other conditions in which high flow oxygen is given irrespective of the saturation according to…

Soft tissue corticosteroid injection

…or other infection over the injection site. Bacteraemia or suspected septic bursitis or arthritis. A joint prosthesis in the adjacent joint. Known hypersensitivity to the…

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