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Endocarditis: definitions, causes, diagnosis, echocardiography & treatment

…vegetations are attached to the endocardium and, accordingly, less mobile. Echocardiography is the first place method for detecting vegetation in case of suspicion of endocarditis…

Ezetimibe: Place in Therapy and Expected LDL-C Reduction

…in some clinical settings, while the broader lipid lowering recommendation refers to a recurrent event without requiring that it be of the same type as…

Pediatric aspects of ECG leads & anatomy

…of ECGs in pediatric patients is slightly different from adults, due to obvious anatomical differences. There are, however, no differences regarding the ECG grid. As…

Transcutaneous and transvenous pacing

…lead is in place — but only if it is working, and the commonest source of error is believing that it is. Twitching of the chest…

Dix–Hallpike test and Epley manoeuvre

…pillow to place under the shoulders as an alternative to a hanging head. Frenzel goggles or video Frenzel if available — small beats of nystagmus can…

LDL Cholesterol Targets Across Cardiovascular Risk Categories

…a therapeutic objective. LDL C as the primary treatment target Current lipid management frameworks place LDL C at the centre of treatment. Lifestyle intervention is…

Lumbar puncture

…Only clinical signs of herniation halt the puncture, and antibiotics and a corticosteroid are then given immediately after blood cultures. For questions other than acute…

Oxygen therapy

…washes nitrogen out of the pleural air and speeds resorption. Other conditions in which high flow oxygen is given irrespective of the saturation according to…

Soft tissue corticosteroid injection

…of loading, eccentric exercise, an NSAID, an orthosis — has not given a sufficient effect. Contraindications Absolute: Cellulitis, a skin wound or other infection over the…

Pericardial Effusion & Cardiac tamponade

…If the amount of fluid in the pericardial cavity exceeds 50 mL, there is an effusion, which is considered pathological. The effusion, as a rule…

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