…Pharmacology & dosing Definition and pharmacological rationale Bempedoic acid is an oral, small molecule lipid lowering agent used to reduce low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL C…

Myocardial ischemia and infarction Pharmacology & dosing Definition and pathophysiology Dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) is the combined use of aspirin and an oral P2Y12 receptor inhibitor…

…pharmacological basis Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are a class of oral agents initially developed for glucose lowering in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM…

…well with oral doses, averaging approximately 0.5 mg/L (0.5 µg/mL) for each 100 mg/day at doses between 100 and 600…

…opposite in each case. Equivalent doses Agent Equivalent glucocorticoid dose Mineralocorticoid effect Biological half life : : : : Hydrocortisone (cortisol) 20 mg Marked Short, 8–12 hours Prednisolone…

…the separate quick reference for dosing in impaired renal function. Respiratory tract Diagnosis Agent Dose Duration : : : : Pneumonia, non severe (DS CRB65 0–1) phenoxymethylpenicillin 1…

…to 25 per cent during the first hour. 2. Thereafter, if the patient is stable, lower the blood pressure towards about 160/100 to 110…

…should as a rule not be lowered rapidly with intravenous drugs. Restart or optimise oral treatment and ensure follow up. Rapid lowering can worsen cerebral…

…common opioids in renal failure Ketobemidone IV 2.5–5 mg Oral bioavailability about 35 per cent Paracetamol PO or IV 1 g × 4 The…

…for the first week. Indications A mechanical valve prosthesis — warfarin is mandatory, and direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are contraindicated. Antiphospholipid syndrome, particularly triple positive disease…

…Points Recommendation Evidence Recommendation Evidence 0 No treatment Low No treatment High 1 Oral anticoagulation (warfarin or NOAK 1 is considered for male patients with…

…moderate predictive abilities for bleeding risks in AF patients, regardless of the type of oral anticoagulant used. Studies have shown that it performs similarly or…

…to 36 fewer events per 1000 treated patients. Aspirin for long term secondary prevention Standard role Aspirin remains the traditional antiplatelet agent for long term…

…disseminated intravascular coagulation, and abrupt deterioration in renal function. By contrast, hypertensive urgency describes severe hypertension without clinical evidence of acute, ongoing target organ damage…

…cooling. Cold oral fluids. Heat syncope Discomfort, anxiety, dizziness, syncope. Cold environment. Cold intravenous fluids (1 2 L crystalloid, with rate 500 ml/h). Cold…

…alpha streptococcus was the most common agent. These streptococci most often originate from the oral cavity and affect heart valves that have some kind of…

…expect the procedure to hurt even so. Offer nitrous oxide, oral or intravenous analgesia, or procedural sedation in advance. Inadequate analgesia is the commonest reason…

Farmakologi & dosering Infektionssjukdomar Lathundar The doses below are taken from the Strama Stockholm recommendations 2025/2026 and are given for absolute eGFR in mL/min …

…Agent Standard dose in atrial fibrillation Criteria for dose reduction according to FASS : : : Apixaban 5 mg × 2 2.5 mg × 2 if at least two…

…nasal route; the oral route may then be considered. Preparation and equipment A 12 lead ECG machine able to print at 100 mm/s . A…

…time, a slow technique Underestimated. Methods such as Cunningham's work best with no sedation at all Oral or intravenous analgesia An intravenous opioid, titrated…

…which measure the dosing recommendation is based on. The absolute GFR (mL/min) must be used for dosing, not the value normalised to body surface…

…basal morning cortisol in the grey zone. A morning value below about 100 nmol/L strongly suggests insufficiency, and a value above about 350–400…

…Axillary, oral and tympanic measurement are not adequate — they lag behind and miss the fever. Equipment for temperature control: automated surface cooling with gel pads…

…established. Limited data are available for children with sickle cell anemia. Method of Administration Route : Oral. Prasugrel can be taken with or without food. Administering…

…the safety and efficacy of an approach based on starting and titrating oral medical therapy for heart failure within 2 days before anticipated hospital discharge…

…is performed, is 12 months of DAPT unless there is a contraindication, an indication for oral anticoagulation, or an excessive risk of bleeding. The duration…

…enlarge. Risk Stratification: Stroke and Bleeding Assessment The decision to initiate oral anticoagulation (OAC) hinges on a rigorous assessment of both thromboembolic and hemorrhagic risks…

…anticoagulation is highly effective in reducing stroke risk. Wrfarin and novel oral anticoagulants can reduce the risk of stroke by 70%, as compared with placebo…

…the fingers, toes, nose and ears), a 27 G needle, a 2–5 mL syringe. Punches of 2, 3, 4 and 6 mm. A size…

…node (sinoatrial node) and intrinsic automaticity The sinus node is a small oval structure located near the entrance of the superior vena cava in the…