…The balloon is filled with sterile water according to the volume printed on the catheter , usually 10 mL in adults. Do not use saline — the…

…recent years ( Figure 2 ). The chain of survival is only as strong as its weakest link, which means that all components of the chain must…

Cardiology Atrial Fibrillation and Atrial Thromboembolism Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia and a profound driver of global cardiovascular morbidity and…

…cardiomyopathy (broken heart syndrome) is a rather peculiar and certainly acute condition. Much research has been devoted to it in recent years. Most cases (70%…

…neck. The pain may radiate as high as the occipital area but does not radiate below the umbilicus. It is often accompanied by sweating, nausea…

…most textbooks in the field. However, contemporary data suggest that the current figure is approximately 60%. The discrepancy between traditional figures and recent studies is…

…guidelines. Hence, this chapter will present the most recent evidence and recommendations for the evaluation and treatment of chronic coronary syndromes (CCS). Ischemic heart disease…

…guidelines. Hence, this chapter will present the most recent evidence and recommendations for the evaluation and treatment of chronic coronary syndromes (CCS). Ischemic heart disease…

…tract. This process is not dose dependent. Similarly, angioedema occurring in the setting of ACE inhibitor therapy is bradykinin mediated rather than mast cell mediated…

…pandemic. Indeed, a growing body of evidence suggests that heart failure is now the most frequent complication of diabetes ( Shah et al, McMurray et al )…

Prepare for clinical practice and the Cardiology Board Exam with our comprehensive quiz, designed based on the most recent AHA, ACC, and ESC guidelines. The…