…risk of tetany and seizures. Anuria or established renal failure. Without urine production there is no urine to alkalinise, and the sodium and volume load…

…to edrophonium. Mechanical obstruction of the bowel or the urinary tract. Marked bradycardia, sick sinus syndrome or high grade AV block without pacemaker protection. Asthma…

…the prognosis and can cause hypotension, acute kidney injury, myocardial ischaemia or cerebral hypoperfusion. Pain, anxiety, urinary retention, hypoxia, drug withdrawal and incorrect blood pressure…

…contractility of hypothermia are not tolerated. A decision to withhold further life sustaining treatment. Preparation and equipment Continuous core temperature measurement. An oesophageal probe or…

…only for C. difficile) is likewise dosed independently of renal function. Require drug concentration monitoring Drug Comment : : Vancomycin (intravenous) Loading dose by weight, maintenance dose…

…recorded ECG) is a very strong predictor of survival. This is because cardiac arrest presenting with ventricular fibrillation (VF) or pulseless ventricular tachycardia (VT) can…

…is 12 h, a primary PCI strategy is indicated in the presence of ongoing ischemic symptoms, haemodynamic instability, or life threatening arrhythmias. I C A…

…with congenital heart disease. Initiation Strategies Because of its ability to significantly prolong the QT interval and cause torsades de pointes or provoke severe bra

…The absence of symptoms indicates that the bradycardia is compensated by an increase in stroke volume. Symptomatic bradycardia may present with chronic or acute symptoms…

…got up. Holter ECG and longer rhythm monitoring Indications Palpitations, presyncope or syncope of suspected arrhythmic origin. Assessment of rate control in atrial fibrillation. Suspected…